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Hybrid Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer Past an Inclined Surface

Author

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  • Sumayyah Alabdulhadi

    (Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
    Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Qassim University, Qassim 52571, Saudi Arabia)

  • Iskandar Waini

    (Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia)

  • Sameh E. Ahmed

    (Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
    Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt)

  • Anuar Ishak

    (Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia)

Abstract

This paper examines the hybrid nanoparticles and the magnetic field impacts on the mixed convection boundary layer flow and heat transfer caused by an inclined shrinking–stretching surface in a hybrid nanofluid. Silver (Ag) is added into a MgO–water nanofluid to form Ag-MgO–water hybrid nanofluid. By making use of proper similarity transformations, the governing equations are transformed to ordinary differential equations. The problem is numerically solved with the help of the MATLAB function bvp4c. The influences of the chosen parameters on the temperature, velocity, heat transfer rate and the skin friction coefficient are addressed and graphically illustrated. The results show that increasing the magnetic parameter substantially improves the heat transfer rate and increases the skin friction coefficient. The findings also suggest that increasing the nanoparticle volume fraction φ 2 (Ag) improves the skin friction coefficient while decreasing the heat transfer rate. For both stretching and shrinking instances, non-unique (dual) solutions are discovered. Only the first solution is stable, according to the temporal stability analysis of the dual solutions.

Suggested Citation

  • Sumayyah Alabdulhadi & Iskandar Waini & Sameh E. Ahmed & Anuar Ishak, 2021. "Hybrid Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer Past an Inclined Surface," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(24), pages 1-14, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:9:y:2021:i:24:p:3176-:d:698728
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rashid, I. & Sagheer, M. & Hussain, S., 2019. "Entropy formation analysis of MHD boundary layer flow of nanofluid over a porous shrinking wall," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 536(C).
    2. M. Subhas Abel & Jagadish V. Tawade & Jyoti N. Shinde, 2012. "The Effects of MHD Flow and Heat Transfer for the UCM Fluid over a Stretching Surface in Presence of Thermal Radiation," Advances in Mathematical Physics, Hindawi, vol. 2012, pages 1-21, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Sumayyah Alabdulhadi & Sakhinah Abu Bakar & Anuar Ishak & Iskandar Waini & Sameh E. Ahmed, 2023. "Effect of Buoyancy Force on an Unsteady Thin Film Flow of Al 2 O 3 /Water Nanofluid over an Inclined Stretching Sheet," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-16, February.
    2. Sivasankaran Sivanandam & Fouad O. M. Mallawi, 2022. "Effects of Variable Properties on the Convective Flow of Water near Its Density Extremum in an Inclined Enclosure with Entropy Generation," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(19), pages 1-20, September.

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