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Reversible Data Hiding Based on Pixel-Value-Ordering and Prediction-Error Triplet Expansion

Author

Listed:
  • Heng-Xiao Chi

    (Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan)

  • Ji-Hwei Horng

    (Department of Electronic Engineering, National Quemoy University, Kinmen 89250, Taiwan)

  • Chin-Chen Chang

    (Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan)

Abstract

Pixel value ordering and prediction error expansion (PVO+PEE) is a very successful reversible data hiding (RDH) scheme. A series of studies were proposed to improve the performance of the PVO-based scheme. However, the embedding capacity of those schemes is quite limited. We propose a two-step prediction-error-triplet expansion RDH scheme based on PVO. A three-dimensional state transition map for the prediction-error triplet is also proposed to guide the embedding of the two-step scheme. By properly designing the state transitions, the proposed scheme can embed secret data or expand without embedding by modifying just a single entry of the triplet. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme significantly enlarges the embedding capacity of the PVO-based scheme and further reduces the distortion due to embedding.

Suggested Citation

  • Heng-Xiao Chi & Ji-Hwei Horng & Chin-Chen Chang, 2021. "Reversible Data Hiding Based on Pixel-Value-Ordering and Prediction-Error Triplet Expansion," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(14), pages 1-20, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:9:y:2021:i:14:p:1703-:d:597636
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