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Searching for Complexity in the Human Pupillary Light Reflex

Author

Listed:
  • Rosário D. Laureano

    (Department of Mathematics, ISTAR-IUL Information Sciences, Technologies and Architecture Research Center, ISCTE-IUL Lisbon University Institute, Avenida das Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal
    Current address: Department of Mathematics, CIMA-Research Centre for Mathematics and Applications, Universidade de Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59,7000-585 Évora, Portugal.)

  • Diana Mendes

    (Department of Quantitative Methods for Management and Economics, BRU-IUL Business Research Unit, ISCTE-IUL Lisbon University Institute, Avenida das Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Clara Grácio

    (Department of Mathematics, CIMA-Research Centre for Mathematics and Applications, Universidade de Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59,7000-585 Évora, Portugal)

  • Fátima Laureano

    (Instituto de Microcirurgia Ocular, Torres de Lisboa, Rua Tomás da Fonseca, 1600-209 Lisboa, Portugal)

Abstract

This article aims to examine the dynamical characteristics of the pupillary light reflex and to provide a contribution towards their explanation based on the nonlinear theory of dynamical systems. To introduce the necessary concepts, terminology, and relevant features of the pupillary light reflex and its associated delay, we start with an overview of the human eye anatomy and physiology with emphasis on the iris, pupil, and retina. We also present the most highly regarded models for pupil dynamics found in the current scientific literature. Then we consider the model developed by Longtin and Milton, which models the human pupillary light reflex, defined by a nonlinear differential equation with delay, and present our study carried out on the qualitative and quantitative dynamic behavior of that neurophysiological control system.

Suggested Citation

  • Rosário D. Laureano & Diana Mendes & Clara Grácio & Fátima Laureano, 2020. "Searching for Complexity in the Human Pupillary Light Reflex," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-14, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:8:y:2020:i:3:p:394-:d:330957
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    Cited by:

    1. Ricardo López-Ruiz, 2022. "Mathematical Biology: Modeling, Analysis, and Simulations," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(20), pages 1-2, October.

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