Combined Keyword Spotting and Localization Network Based on Multi-Task Learning

The advent of voice assistance technology and its integration into smart devices has facilitated many useful services, such as texting and application execution. However, most assistive technologies lack the capability to enable the system to act as a human who can localize the speaker and selectively spot meaningful keywords. Because keyword spotting (KWS) and sound source localization (SSL) are essential and must operate in real time, the efficiency of a neural network model is crucial for memory and computation. In this paper, a single neural network model for KWS and SSL is proposed to overcome the limitations of sequential KWS and SSL, which require more memory and inference time. The proposed model uses multi-task learning to utilize the limited resources of the device efficiently. A shared encoder is used as the initial layer to extract common features from the multichannel audio data. Subsequently, the task-specific parallel layers utilize these features for KWS and SSL. The proposed model was evaluated on a synthetic dataset with multiple speakers, and a 7-module shared encoder structure was identified as optimal in terms of accuracy, direction of arrival (DOA) accuracy, DOA error, and latency. It achieved a KWS accuracy of 94.51%, DOA error of 12.397°, and DOA accuracy of 89.86%. Consequently, the proposed model requires significantly less memory owing to the shared network architecture, which enhances the inference time without compromising KWS accuracy, DOA error, and DOA accuracy.