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CNN and Bidirectional GRU-Based Heartbeat Sound Classification Architecture for Elderly People

Author

Listed:
  • Harshwardhan Yadav

    (Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India)

  • Param Shah

    (Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India)

  • Neel Gandhi

    (Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA)

  • Tarjni Vyas

    (Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India)

  • Anuja Nair

    (Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India)

  • Shivani Desai

    (Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India)

  • Lata Gohil

    (Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India)

  • Sudeep Tanwar

    (Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India)

  • Ravi Sharma

    (Centre for Inter-Disciplinary Research and Innovation, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India)

  • Verdes Marina

    (Faculty of Civil Engineering and Building Services, Department of Building Services, Technical University of Gheorghe Asachi, 700050 Iasi, Romania)

  • Maria Simona Raboaca

    (Doctoral School, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei Street No. 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
    National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies—ICSI Rm. Vâlcea, Uzinei Street, No. 4, P.O. Box 7, 240050 Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania)

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a significant cause of death worldwide. CVDs can be prevented by diagnosing heartbeat sounds and other conventional techniques early to reduce the harmful effects caused by CVDs. However, it is still challenging to segment, extract features, and predict heartbeat sounds in elderly people. The inception of deep learning (DL) algorithms has helped detect various types of heartbeat sounds at an early stage. Motivated by this, we proposed an intelligent architecture categorizing heartbeat into normal and murmurs for elderly people. We have used a standard heartbeat dataset with heartbeat class labels, i.e., normal and murmur. Furthermore, it is augmented and preprocessed by normalization and standardization to significantly reduce computational power and time. The proposed convolutional neural network and bi-directional gated recurrent unit (CNN + BiGRU) attention-based architecture for the classification of heartbeat sound achieves an accuracy of 90% compared to the baseline approaches. Hence, the proposed novel CNN + BiGRU attention-based architecture is superior to other DL models for heartbeat sound classification.

Suggested Citation

  • Harshwardhan Yadav & Param Shah & Neel Gandhi & Tarjni Vyas & Anuja Nair & Shivani Desai & Lata Gohil & Sudeep Tanwar & Ravi Sharma & Verdes Marina & Maria Simona Raboaca, 2023. "CNN and Bidirectional GRU-Based Heartbeat Sound Classification Architecture for Elderly People," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-25, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:11:y:2023:i:6:p:1365-:d:1094217
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Harshit Shah & Dhruvil Shah & Nilesh Kumar Jadav & Rajesh Gupta & Sudeep Tanwar & Osama Alfarraj & Amr Tolba & Maria Simona Raboaca & Verdes Marina, 2023. "Deep Learning-Based Malicious Smart Contract and Intrusion Detection System for IoT Environment," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-22, January.
    2. Jigna Hathaliya & Raj Parekh & Nisarg Patel & Rajesh Gupta & Sudeep Tanwar & Fayez Alqahtani & Magdy Elghatwary & Ovidiu Ivanov & Maria Simona Raboaca & Bogdan-Constantin Neagu, 2022. "Convolutional Neural Network-Based Parkinson Disease Classification Using SPECT Imaging Data," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(15), pages 1-15, July.
    3. Mehrez Boulares & Reem Alotaibi & Amal AlMansour & Ahmed Barnawi, 2021. "Cardiovascular Disease Recognition Based on Heartbeat Segmentation and Selection Process," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-27, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Huseyin Cagan Kilinc & Sina Apak & Furkan Ozkan & Mahmut Esad Ergin & Adem Yurtsever, 2024. "Multimodal Fusion of Optimized GRU–LSTM with Self-Attention Layer for Hydrological Time Series Forecasting," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 38(15), pages 6045-6062, December.

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