Design of Dies of Minimum Length Using the Ideal Flow Theory for Pressure-Dependent Materials

This paper develops the ideal plastic flow theory for the stationary planar flow of pressure-dependent materials. Two rigid plastic material models are considered. One of these models is the double-shearing model, and the other is the double slip and rotation model. Both are based on the Mohr–Coulomb yield criterion. It is shown that the general ideal plastic flow theory is only possible for the double slip and rotation model if the intrinsic spin vanishes. The theory applies to calculating the shape of optimal extrusion and drawing dies of minimum length. The latter condition requires a singular characteristic field. The solution is facilitated using the extended R–S method, commonly employed in the classical plasticity of pressure-independent materials. In particular, Riemann’s method is used in a region where all characteristics are curved. It is advantageous since determining the optimal shape does not require the characteristic field inside the region. The solution is semi-analytical. A numerical procedure is only required to evaluate ordinary integrals. It is shown that the optimal shape depends on the angle of internal friction involved in the yield criterion.