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Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation and Degradation on the Innate Immune System Response: Insights on SARS-CoV-2

Author

Listed:
  • Deborah Lacitignola

    (Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e dell’Informazione, Università di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, Via Di Biasio, I-03043 Cassino, Italy)

  • Fasma Diele

    (Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo M. Picone, CNR, Via Amendola 122, I-70126 Bari, Italy)

  • Carmela Marangi

    (Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo M. Picone, CNR, Via Amendola 122, I-70126 Bari, Italy)

  • Angela Monti

    (Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo M. Picone, CNR, Via Amendola 122, I-70126 Bari, Italy)

  • Teresa Serini

    (Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic)

  • Simonetta Vernocchi

    (Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic)

Abstract

Vitamin D has been proven to be a strong stimulator of mechanisms associated with the elimination of pathogens. Because of its recognized effectiveness against viral infections, during SARS-CoV-2 infection, the effects of Vitamin D supplementation have been the object of debate. This study aims to contribute to this debate by the means of a qualitative phenomenological mathematical model in which the role of Vitamin D and its interactions with the innate immune system are explicitly considered. We show that Vitamin D influx and degradation can be considered as possible control parameters for the disease evaluation and recovery. By varying Vitamin D influx, three dynamical scenarios have been found with different modalities of recovery from the disease. Inside each scenario, Vitamin D degradation has been related to different degrees of severity in disease development. Interestingly, the emergence of hysteretic phenomenologies when Vitamin D influx is too low can be related to the onset of Long-COVID syndrome, confirming clinical evidence from recent studies on the topic.

Suggested Citation

  • Deborah Lacitignola & Fasma Diele & Carmela Marangi & Angela Monti & Teresa Serini & Simonetta Vernocchi, 2023. "Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation and Degradation on the Innate Immune System Response: Insights on SARS-CoV-2," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-19, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:11:y:2023:i:17:p:3711-:d:1227778
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Stefano Allesina & Si Tang, 2012. "Stability criteria for complex ecosystems," Nature, Nature, vol. 483(7388), pages 205-208, March.
    2. Lacitignola, Deborah & Saccomandi, Giuseppe, 2021. "Managing awareness can avoid hysteresis in disease spread: an application to coronavirus Covid-19," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    3. Michelle Marvier & Peter Kareiva & Michael G. Neubert, 2004. "Habitat Destruction, Fragmentation, and Disturbance Promote Invasion by Habitat Generalists in a Multispecies Metapopulation," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 24(4), pages 869-878, August.
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