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Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Image Based on Bit-Plane Redundancy of Prediction Error

Author

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  • Fang Ren

    (School of Cyberspace Security, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an 710121, China
    National Engineering Research Center for Secured Wireless, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an 710121, China)

  • Ziyi Wu

    (School of Cyberspace Security, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an 710121, China
    National Engineering Research Center for Secured Wireless, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an 710121, China)

  • Yaqi Xue

    (School of Cyberspace Security, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an 710121, China)

  • Yanli Hao

    (School of Cyberspace Security, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an 710121, China)

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a reversible data hiding scheme in an encrypted image based on bit-plane redundancy of prediction error. The scheme greatly improves the embedding capacity while maintaining lossless image recovery and error-free secret data extraction. Firstly, the original image is preprocessed to obtain the prediction error image. After the error matrix is divided into blocks, the corresponding block type is obtained. Secondly, the predicted error image is encrypted with stream cipher and the encryption matrix blocks are scrambled to ensure the security of the scheme. Finally, after embedding the block type value into the encrypted image, the spare room corresponding to each block was obtained, which was used to embed the secret data. The scheme makes full use of the spatial correlation of the pixels in the block, so it improves the embedding rate. By selecting 100 images in each dataset of BOSSbase and BOWS-2, when the block size is 3 × 3 , the average embedding rate of our scheme can reach 3.56 bpp and 3.81 bpp, respectively. The performance of the proposed method is better than the other schemes with similar properties.

Suggested Citation

  • Fang Ren & Ziyi Wu & Yaqi Xue & Yanli Hao, 2023. "Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Image Based on Bit-Plane Redundancy of Prediction Error," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-19, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:11:y:2023:i:11:p:2537-:d:1161118
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bin Huang & Chun Wan & Kaimeng Chen, 2021. "High-Capacity Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on Adaptive Predictor and Compression of Prediction Errors," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(17), pages 1-15, September.
    2. Kai-Meng Chen, 2020. "High Capacity Reversible Data Hiding Based on the Compression of Pixel Differences," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(9), pages 1-12, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Xiang Li & Xiaolong Li & Mengyao Xiao & Yao Zhao & Hsunfang Cho, 2023. "High-Quality Reversible Data Hiding Based on Multi-Embedding for Binary Images," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-11, September.

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