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Detection of Anomalies in Natural Complicated Data Structures Based on a Hybrid Approach

Author

Listed:
  • Oksana Mandrikova

    (Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Radio Wave Propagation, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mirnayast, 7, 684034 Paratunka, Russia)

  • Bogdana Mandrikova

    (Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Radio Wave Propagation, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mirnayast, 7, 684034 Paratunka, Russia)

  • Oleg Esikov

    (Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Radio Wave Propagation, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mirnayast, 7, 684034 Paratunka, Russia)

Abstract

A hybrid approach is proposed to detect anomalies in natural complicated data structures with high noise levels. The approach includes the application of an autoencoder neural network and singular spectrum analysis (SSA) with an adaptive anomaly detection algorithm (AADA) developed by the authors. The autoencoder is the quintessence of the representation learning algorithm, and it projects (selects) data features. Here, under-complete autoencoders are used. They are a product of the development of the principal component method and allow one to approximate complex nonlinear dependencies. Singular spectrum analysis decomposes data through the singular decomposition of matrix trajectories and makes it possible to detect the data structure in the noise. The AADA is based on the combination of wavelet transforms with threshold functions. Combinations of different constructions of wavelet transformation with threshold functions are widely applied to tasks relating to complex data processing. However, when the noise level is high and there is no complete knowledge of a useful signal, anomaly detection is not a trivial problem and requires a complex approach. This paper considers the use of adaptive threshold functions, the parameters of which are estimated on a probabilistic basis. Adaptive thresholds and a moving time window are introduced. The efficiency of the proposed method in detecting anomalies in neutron monitor data is illustrated. Neutron monitor data record cosmic ray intensities. We used neutron monitor data from ground stations. Anomalies in cosmic rays can create serious radiation hazards for people as well as for space and ground facilities. Thus, the diagnostics of anomalies in cosmic ray parameters is quite topical, and research is being carried out by teams from different countries. A comparison of the results for the autoencoder + AADA and SSA + AADA methods showed the higher efficiency of the autoencoder + AADA method. A more flexible NN apparatus provides better detection of short-period anomalies that have complicated structures. However, the combination of SSA and the AADA is efficient in the detection of long-term anomalies in cosmic rays that occur during strong magnetic storms. Thus, cosmic ray data analysis requires a more complex approach, including the use of the autoencoder and SSA with the AADA.

Suggested Citation

  • Oksana Mandrikova & Bogdana Mandrikova & Oleg Esikov, 2023. "Detection of Anomalies in Natural Complicated Data Structures Based on a Hybrid Approach," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-17, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:11:y:2023:i:11:p:2464-:d:1156816
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Oksana Mandrikova & Bogdana Mandrikova & Anastasia Rodomanskay, 2021. "Method of Constructing a Nonlinear Approximating Scheme of a Complex Signal: Application Pattern Recognition," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(7), pages 1-15, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Meng Ma & Zhongyi Zhang & Zhi Zhai & Zhirong Zhong, 2024. "Sparsity-Constrained Vector Autoregressive Moving Average Models for Anomaly Detection of Complex Systems with Multisensory Signals," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-14, April.
    2. Oksana Mandrikova & Bogdana Mandrikova, 2024. "Hybrid Model of Natural Time Series with Neural Network Component and Adaptive Nonlinear Scheme: Application for Anomaly Detection," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-15, April.

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