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The Effect of Alpha Neurofeedback Training on Cognitive Performance in Healthy Adults

Author

Listed:
  • Rab Nawaz

    (Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia
    James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK)

  • Humaira Nisar

    (Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia)

  • Vooi Voon Yap

    (Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia)

  • Chi-Yi Tsai

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, TamKang University, 151 Yingzhuan Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan)

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of long-term alpha neurofeedback training (NFT) in healthy adults using music stimuli. The optimal protocol for future research is presented in this study. The data from 40 healthy participants, divided into two groups (NFT group and Control group), were analyzed in the current study. We found a significantly enhanced alpha rhythm after training in the NFT group which was not observed in the control group. The immediate subsequent effects were greater in more than 80% of the sessions from the initial recordings. Stroop task and behavioral questionnaires, mini-mental state exam (MMSE), and perceived stress scale (PSS) did not reveal any training-specific changes. Within-training session effects were significant from the baseline and were more pronounced at the beginning of the session as compared to the end of the session. It is also observed that a shorter session length with multiple sessions may be more effective than a long and continuous run of a single session.

Suggested Citation

  • Rab Nawaz & Humaira Nisar & Vooi Voon Yap & Chi-Yi Tsai, 2022. "The Effect of Alpha Neurofeedback Training on Cognitive Performance in Healthy Adults," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-16, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:10:y:2022:i:7:p:1095-:d:781880
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