Study on Spatial-Temporal Evolution Law of Green Land Use Efficiency in Resource-Based Cities

Currently, urban land use in China faces many challenges, such as irrational land use structure and inefficiency, which is especially obvious in resource-based cities. In order to improve this situation, this paper uses the super-efficient Slack-Based Measure (SBM) model to measure the green land use efficiency (GLUE) of 113 resource-based cities in China, analyzes its spatial-temporal evolution law, and identifies the formation law of heterogeneous GLUE in resource-based cities using the Tobit model. The research results show that: (1) GLUE in resource-based cities shows year-on-year growth and has certain stage characteristics, in which the eastern region is the best, followed by the western and central regions, and the northeastern region is the worst; regenerative cities are significantly better than mature, growth, and declining cities; oil and gas cities are better than non-metal, forest, metal, and coal cities in turn; (2) High-value resource-based cities are concentrated in the eastern and western regions, while low-value ones are concentrated in the central and northeastern regions. Moreover, the number of high-value resource-based cities is continuously increasing, while the number of low-value ones is significantly decreasing; (3) The level of economic development, industrial structure, level of technological input, number of green patents granted, government financial support, sewage treatment rate, and policy constraints all exhibit significant positive effects on the GLUE of resource-based cities. Furthermore, there is notable heterogeneity among resource-based cities in different regions, development stages, and resource types. In the future, policies should be implemented on a city-by-city basis, and a sound long-term mechanism for policy implementation should be established to enhance the long-term awareness of managers and land users so as to improve the GLUE in resource-based cities.