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The Disparity of Greenness Accessibility across Major Metropolitan Areas in the United States from 2013 to 2022

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  • Minmeng Tang

    (School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA)

  • Xinwei Li

    (Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China)

Abstract

Urban green space (UGS) is a fundamental infrastructure in modern urban settings, crucial for regulating the urban climate and improving public health. Accessibility to UGS represents a significant environmental justice issue, influencing the sustainable development of local communities. In this work, we comprehensively evaluated the temporal dynamics of UGS accessibility and the disparity in exposure for all 31 metropolitan divisions in the United States from 2013 to 2022. Our findings indicate that there have been no significant changes in both population-weighted UGS exposure and within-city inequality of UGS exposure for all racial/ethnic groups across the study period. Furthermore, a consistent racial/ethnic disparity in UGS exposure was noted throughout the study period, with the White group tending to have higher-than-average UGS accessibility, and all other racial/ethnic groups, including Asian, Black, Hispanic, Native American, and Pacific Islander, experiencing lower-than-average UGS accessibility. These findings underscore the urgency for urban planning and policy-making strategies to address these inequities, promoting healthy and sustainable urban development.

Suggested Citation

  • Minmeng Tang & Xinwei Li, 2024. "The Disparity of Greenness Accessibility across Major Metropolitan Areas in the United States from 2013 to 2022," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-12, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:13:y:2024:i:8:p:1182-:d:1447412
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    3. K M Atikur Rahman & Dunfu Zhang, 2018. "Analyzing the Level of Accessibility of Public Urban Green Spaces to Different Socially Vulnerable Groups of People," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-27, October.
    4. Deininger, Klaus & Squire, Lyn, 1996. "A New Data Set Measuring Income Inequality," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 10(3), pages 565-591, September.
    5. Bin Chen & Shengbiao Wu & Yimeng Song & Chris Webster & Bing Xu & Peng Gong, 2022. "Contrasting inequality in human exposure to greenspace between cities of Global North and Global South," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
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