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Exploring the Response of Ecosystem Services to Socioecological Factors in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China

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  • Zhiming Zhang

    (The Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
    School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China)

  • Fengman Fang

    (The Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
    School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China)

  • Youru Yao

    (The Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
    School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China)

  • Qing Ji

    (The Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
    School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China)

  • Xiaojing Cheng

    (The Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China)

Abstract

Understanding the response of the mechanisms driving ecosystem services (ESs) to socioecological factors is imperative for regional sustainable ecosystem management. However, previous studies of the mechanisms driving ESs have focused more on the degree and direction (positive and negative) of effects on ES supply or the supply–demand balance, while their nonlinear response processes have not been fully considered. In this study, a theoretical framework was developed through integrating land use/land cover data and supply and demand matrices with random forest models to assess response processes, including the relative importance and marginal effects, of essential factors that drive ES demand, supply, and supply–demand balance. Using the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) as an example, our results indicated that the ES deficit regions (332 of 1070 counties or 14.45% of the area) of the YREB were located mainly in the three national urban agglomerations. Moreover, this study indicated that natural environmental factors (such as slope and precipitation) significantly influence the supply and supply–demand balance of ESs, while socioeconomic factors (such as cropland ratios and population density) profoundly influence the demand for ESs. However, cropland ratios were the most important drivers of ES supply, demand, and supply–demand balance in the YREB. Moreover, three types of response processes were identified in this study: logarithmic increase, logarithmic decrease, and volatility increase. Specific driving factors (e.g., proportion of cropland area, precipitation, population density, and slope) had significant threshold effects on the supply–demand balance of ESs. The turning points that can be extracted from these response processes should be recommended for ecosystem restoration projects to maintain regional sustainable ecosystem management.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhiming Zhang & Fengman Fang & Youru Yao & Qing Ji & Xiaojing Cheng, 2024. "Exploring the Response of Ecosystem Services to Socioecological Factors in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-18, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:13:y:2024:i:6:p:728-:d:1399888
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Christopher R. Schwalm & William R. L. Anderegg & Anna M. Michalak & Joshua B. Fisher & Franco Biondi & George Koch & Marcy Litvak & Kiona Ogle & John D. Shaw & Adam Wolf & Deborah N. Huntzinger & Kev, 2017. "Global patterns of drought recovery," Nature, Nature, vol. 548(7666), pages 202-205, August.
    3. Costanza, Robert & de Groot, Rudolf & Braat, Leon & Kubiszewski, Ida & Fioramonti, Lorenzo & Sutton, Paul & Farber, Steve & Grasso, Monica, 2017. "Twenty years of ecosystem services: How far have we come and how far do we still need to go?," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 28(PA), pages 1-16.
    4. Czúcz, Bálint & Arany, Ildikó & Potschin-Young, Marion & Bereczki, Krisztina & Kertész, Miklós & Kiss, Márton & Aszalós, Réka & Haines-Young, Roy, 2018. "Where concepts meet the real world: A systematic review of ecosystem service indicators and their classification using CICES," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 29(PA), pages 145-157.
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