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Coupling Changes in Runoff and Sediment and Their Relationships with Erosion Energy and Underlying Surface in the Wuding River Basin, China

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  • Qiannan Yang

    (State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China)

  • Haidong Gao

    (State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China)

  • Yong Han

    (State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China)

  • Zhanbin Li

    (State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China)

  • Kexin Lu

    (State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China)

Abstract

Investigating the changes in the runoff and sediment coupling relationship in the Middle Yellow River Basin of China can not only deepen the understanding of soil loss control in arid areas, but also help solve key issues of regional ecological protection. Since the 1960s, soil- and water-conservation projects have been implemented in the Middle Yellow River Basin, inducing a significant reduction in runoff and sediment and changes in the relationship between runoff and sediment. The study identified the change points of coupling relationship between runoff and sediment in the Wuding River Basin (WRB) by constructing a diagnostic method based on coupling coordination degree and the Pettitt test; the study validated this using the Copula function and analyzed the impacts of erosion energy and underlying surface factors. The results showed the following: (1) the method based on coupling coordination degree and the Pettit test could accurately reflect the coupling relationship of runoff and sediment and identify two change points (1971 and 1996); (2) runoff and sediment in the WRB decreased gradually over three periods (P1, 1960–1970; P2, 1971–1995; P3, 1996–2020), with an average annual runoff of 15.34 × 10 8 , 10.72 × 10 8 , and 8.32 × 10 8 m 3 and average annual sediment load of 1.84 × 10 8 , 0.82 × 10 8 , and 0.32 × 10 8 t, respectively; (3) the maximum possible joint design value of runoff and sediment under different return periods in P1 were all the highest, followed by P2 and P3, and the larger the return period, the higher the maximum possible joint design value; (4) runoff erosion power could promote runoff and sediment in PE (1960–2020), P1, P2 and P3 at a significant level, check dams and terrace could decrease runoff and sediment significantly in PE, and the highest contribution to runoff reduction was check dam (95.4%), while the highest contribution to sediment reduction was REP (93.8%). The study can provide a new way to analyze the changes in the runoff and sediment relationship and provide scientific support for runoff and sediment regulation in the Middle Yellow River Basin.

Suggested Citation

  • Qiannan Yang & Haidong Gao & Yong Han & Zhanbin Li & Kexin Lu, 2024. "Coupling Changes in Runoff and Sediment and Their Relationships with Erosion Energy and Underlying Surface in the Wuding River Basin, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-18, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:13:y:2024:i:4:p:496-:d:1373821
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hamparsum Bozdogan, 1987. "Model selection and Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC): The general theory and its analytical extensions," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 52(3), pages 345-370, September.
    2. A. N. Pettitt, 1979. "A Non‐Parametric Approach to the Change‐Point Problem," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 28(2), pages 126-135, June.
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