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Planting Ages Inhibited Soil Respiration and CO 2 -C Emissions Attribute to Soil Degradation in Gravel-Mulched Land in Arid Areas

Author

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  • Bingyao Wang

    (Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China)

  • Yunfei Li

    (Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China)

  • Zhixian Liu

    (Shapotou Meteorological Administration, Zhongwei 755000, China)

  • Peiyuan Wang

    (Ningxia and Inner Mongolia Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resources, Yellow River Conservancy Commission (YRCC), Baotou 014030, China)

  • Zhanjun Wang

    (Institute of Forestry and Grassland Ecology, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China)

  • Xudong Wu

    (Institute of Forestry and Grassland Ecology, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China)

  • Yongping Gao

    (Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China)

  • Lichao Liu

    (Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China)

  • Haotian Yang

    (Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
    Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China)

Abstract

Gravel mulching is a widely employed strategy for water conservation in arid agricultural regions, with potential implications for soil carbon (C) sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions. However, soil respiration and CO 2 -C emissions remain uncertain owing to less consideration of the influence of precipitation patterns and planting age. In this study, we investigated the soil respiration rate ( R soil ) and cumulative CO 2 -C emission ( C cum ), both measured over a period of 72 h, along with soil properties and enzyme activities under different precipitation conditions based on gravel mulching with different planting ages. We analyzed the effects of planting ages on R soil and C cum and revealed the underlying mechanisms driving changes in environmental factors on R soil and C cum . The results demonstrated that the R soil reached the maximum value at about 1 h, 0.5 h, and 0.25 h after rewetting in 1, 10, and 20 years of gravel mulching under the condition with 1 mm, 5 mm, and 10 mm of precipitation, respectively, whereas the R soil exhibited its maximum at about 8 h after soil rewetting under precipitation of 30 mm. The C cum induced by precipitation pulses tends to decrease with increasing years of gravel mulching. The C cum was 0.0061 t ha −1 in the 20-year gravel-mulched soil, representing a 53.79% reduction compared to the 1-year gravel-mulched soil. Soil organic matter (SOM), planting ages, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were the primary factors influencing the R soil and C cum in 0–20 cm, while SOM, planting ages, and soil porosity (AirP) were the key factors affecting the R soil and C cum in 20–40 cm. The R soil and C cum in the 0–20 cm soil were regulated by soil enzyme activities, while those of 20–40 cm soil were controlled by soil properties. This indicates that the decrease in R soil and C cum is caused by soil degradation, characterized by a decrease in SOM and ALP. This study offers a novel insight into the long-term environmental impact of gravel mulching measures in arid areas, which is helpful in providing a theoretical basis for dryland agricultural management. It is imperative to consider the duration of gravel mulching when predicting the potential for C sequestration in arid agricultural areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Bingyao Wang & Yunfei Li & Zhixian Liu & Peiyuan Wang & Zhanjun Wang & Xudong Wu & Yongping Gao & Lichao Liu & Haotian Yang, 2024. "Planting Ages Inhibited Soil Respiration and CO 2 -C Emissions Attribute to Soil Degradation in Gravel-Mulched Land in Arid Areas," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-16, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:13:y:2024:i:11:p:1923-:d:1521923
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yamanaka, Tsutomu & Inoue, Mitsuhiro & Kaihotsu, Ichirow, 2004. "Effects of gravel mulch on water vapor transfer above and below the soil surface," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 67(2), pages 145-155, June.
    2. Li, Xiao-Yan & Gong, Jia-Dong & Gao, Qian-Zhao & Li, Feng-Rui, 2001. "Incorporation of ridge and furrow method of rainfall harvesting with mulching for crop production under semiarid conditions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 50(3), pages 173-183, September.
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