Application of Protection Features to a Biosphere Reserve for the Control and Development of Tourist Activities: The Case of the Gêres–Xurés Park

In this study, we consider the importance of applying legal protection and management measures to natural tourist areas. We assess the sensitivity of these areas with respect to tourist demand, which drives the need for protective and corrective measures, such as carrying capacities controlled via admissions; in particular, we analyse the protective features that exist in a transboundary biosphere reserve, the Gêres–Xurés Baixa Limia Reserve, which occupies territory in northern Spain, southern Galicia (Spain) and northern Portugal. Our objective is to assess the relevance and effectiveness of the features used by both countries to protect their natural spaces while guaranteeing sustainability and environmental development. These measures ensure that the value of their resources is not compromised for future generations or negatively affected by tourist use. To carry out the analysis, we first conducted a geographical study of the area to characterize the different areas found in this biosphere reserve. Subsequently, we analysed the regulatory norms used for protection in both countries, and we explain the management mechanisms that have been implemented in both countries. This approach enables us to compare the relative importance assigned by each country for the sustainable management of the chosen territory and tourist space. Furthermore, we can compare the use of control measures for sustainable and respectful tourism planning, such as guiding plans, use plans and management and protective regulations.