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Balancing Cultural Heritage Conservation: Visual Integrity Assessment to Support Change Management in the Buffer Zone of Chiang Mai Historic City Using GIS and Computer-Generated 3D Modeling

Author

Listed:
  • Janjira Sukwai

    (Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga 8408502, Japan)

  • Nobuo Mishima

    (Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga 8408502, Japan)

  • Nattasit Srinurak

    (JSPS Post-Doc Fellow, Saga University, Saga 8408502, Japan
    Urban Design and Environmental Studies Center, Social Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50230, Thailand)

Abstract

The cultural landscape of Chiang Mai city, which is characterized by the interlinkage between mountain and historical settlement, has faced the adverse impacts of visual intrusion in its buffer zone from urbanization. However, there are challenges to creating a quantitative visual evaluation for decision making in response to rapid urban change. This study evaluated the impact of building height on the city skyline and utilized existing cultural heritage locations on the mountain to define a protected visual zone while conducting a 3D-GIS-based visibility analysis to identify obstruction in three scenarios: the actual condition scenario (ACS) considering current conditions, the land use scenario (LUS) considering the land use ordinance, and the proposed scenario (PPS) considering mountain skyline protection, using computer-generated 3D city modeling. The comparative results from the analysis of viewshed, line of sight, and development area calculations revealed that the number of obstructed locations in the LUS decreased by 48.46%, and in the PPS, they decreased by 77.99%, while the development area increased by similar amounts, demonstrating that the city can grow and develop despite stricter height controls. In addition, based on a visual assessment, this study established a buffer distance and intensity to protect the integrity of the heritage while allowing the city to develop.

Suggested Citation

  • Janjira Sukwai & Nobuo Mishima & Nattasit Srinurak, 2022. "Balancing Cultural Heritage Conservation: Visual Integrity Assessment to Support Change Management in the Buffer Zone of Chiang Mai Historic City Using GIS and Computer-Generated 3D Modeling," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-27, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:11:y:2022:i:5:p:666-:d:805929
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Daniele Ehrlich & Michele Melchiorri & Claudia Capitani, 2021. "Population Trends and Urbanisation in Mountain Ranges of the World," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-18, March.
    2. Gerd Weitkamp & Arnold Bregt & Ron Van Lammeren, 2011. "Measuring Visible Space to Assess Landscape Openness," Landscape Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(2), pages 127-150, April.
    3. Kwang Youn Lee & Jung Il Seo & Kyoung-Nam Kim & Yohan Lee & Hyeongkeun Kweon & Jinki Kim, 2019. "Application of Viewshed and Spatial Aesthetic Analyses to Forest Practices for Mountain Scenery Improvement in the Republic of Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-16, May.
    4. Arturo Azpeitia Santander & Agustín Azkarate Garai-Olaun & Ander De la Fuente Arana, 2018. "Historic Urban Landscapes: A Review on Trends and Methodologies in the Urban Context of the 21st Century," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-10, July.
    5. Marijana Pantić & Juaneé Cilliers & Guido Cimadomo & Fernando Montaño & Olusola Olufemi & Sally Torres Mallma & Johan van den Berg, 2021. "Challenges and Opportunities for Public Participation in Urban and Regional Planning during the COVID-19 Pandemic—Lessons Learned for the Future," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-19, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Han Zou & Yang Liu & Baihao Li & Wenjing Luo, 2022. "Sustainable Development Efficiency of Cultural Landscape Heritage in Urban Fringe Based on GIS-DEA-MI, a Case Study of Wuhan, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-16, October.
    2. Giovanna Acampa & Fabrizio Battisti & Mariolina Grasso, 2023. "An Evaluation System to Optimize the Management of Interventions in the Historic Center of Florence World Heritage Site: From Building Preservation to Block Refurbishment," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-17, March.

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