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Comparative Habitat Divergence and Fragmentation Analysis of Two Sympatric Pheasants in the Qilian Mountains, China

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  • Wen-Dong Xie

    (Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
    College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Jia Jia

    (Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
    College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Kai Song

    (Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)

  • Chang-Li Bu

    (Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
    College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

  • Li-Ming Ma

    (Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
    College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China)

  • Ge-Sang Wang-Jie

    (Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
    College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China)

  • Quan-Liang Li

    (Qinghai Service Center of Qilian National Park, Xining 810000, China)

  • Heng-Qing Yin

    (Qinghai Service Center of Qilian National Park, Xining 810000, China)

  • Feng-Yi Xu

    (Qinghai Service Center of Qilian National Park, Xining 810000, China)

  • Dui-Fang Ma

    (Zhangye Management Division of Gansu Provincial Administration of Qilian National Park, Zhangye 734000, China)

  • Xin-Hai Li

    (Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)

  • Yun Fang

    (Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)

  • Yue-Hua Sun

    (Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)

Abstract

Habitat fragmentation is considered a major threat to biodiversity worldwide. Two endangered species, the blood pheasant ( Ithaginis cruentus ) and the blue eared pheasant ( Crossoptilon auritum ), co-exist in a fragmented forest in the Qilian Mountains. However, how their habitats react to the fragmenting landscape remains unclear. Therefore, we carried out a field survey in the core habitat of the two species in Qilian Mountains National Park and used the MaxEnt Model to predict their potential distribution and to assess the protection efficiency. Then, we utilized a modified within-patch fragmentation categorizing model to identify how their functional fragmentations differentiated. The results showed that the habitat utilization of the two pheasant species was significantly different, with a potential distribution area of 18,281 km 2 for the blood pheasant and 43,223 km 2 for the blue eared pheasant. The habitat of the blue eared pheasant is highly fragmented with 27.7% categorized as ‘Interior’ and 49.3% as ‘Edge’, while the habitat of the blood pheasant is more severe with 2.1% categorized as ‘Interior’ and 50.4% as ‘Edge’. Analysis shows that large areas of habitat for the two pheasants remain unprotected by the Qilian Mountains National Park. The intense grazing and human infrastructure may have a large effect on the currently highly fragmented landscape. Future measurements are needed to alleviate this conflict.

Suggested Citation

  • Wen-Dong Xie & Jia Jia & Kai Song & Chang-Li Bu & Li-Ming Ma & Ge-Sang Wang-Jie & Quan-Liang Li & Heng-Qing Yin & Feng-Yi Xu & Dui-Fang Ma & Xin-Hai Li & Yun Fang & Yue-Hua Sun, 2022. "Comparative Habitat Divergence and Fragmentation Analysis of Two Sympatric Pheasants in the Qilian Mountains, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-14, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:11:y:2022:i:12:p:2104-:d:980629
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez & Luísa G Carvalheiro & Chiara Polce & E Emiel van Loon & Niels Raes & Menno Reemer & Jacobus C Biesmeijer, 2013. "Fit-for-Purpose: Species Distribution Model Performance Depends on Evaluation Criteria – Dutch Hoverflies as a Case Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(5), pages 1-11, May.
    2. Ying Tang & Julie A Winkler & Andrés Viña & Jianguo Liu & Yuanbin Zhang & Xiaofeng Zhang & Xiaohong Li & Fang Wang & Jindong Zhang & Zhiqiang Zhao, 2018. "Uncertainty of future projections of species distributions in mountainous regions," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(1), pages 1-23, January.
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