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An Overview of the Geomorphological Characteristics of the Pergamon Micro-Region (Bakırçay and Madra River Catchments, Aegean Region, West Turkey)

Author

Listed:
  • Xun Yang

    (Physical Geography, Institute of Geographical Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Malteserstraße 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany)

  • Fabian Becker

    (Physical Geography, Institute of Geographical Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Malteserstraße 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany)

  • Daniel Knitter

    (Physical Geography, Department of Geography, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Ludewig-Meyn-Straße 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany)

  • Brigitta Schütt

    (Physical Geography, Institute of Geographical Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Malteserstraße 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany)

Abstract

Current landforms are the basis for understanding past geomorphodynamics and human activities. Based on multiple materials and methods, including geomorphometric analyses of a digital elevation model and visual interpretations of satellite images, different landscape units of the Bakırçay and Madra River catchments in the environs of ancient Pergamon are described. The area was mainly shaped by tectonics that formed a horst-and-graben structure; small Miocene horsts and NE-trending subgrabens in the Kozak and Yunt Dağı Mountains were separated by the NEE-trending Plio-Pleistocene Bergama Graben. The asymmetry in relief, drainage network, and sediment accumulation between the Kozak Mountains to the north and the Yunt Dağı Mountains to the south of the lower Bakırçay plain characterize the Pergamon Micro-Region. The regional relief characteristics, with wide flat basin and plateau areas, are suitable for agriculture. Complemented by its richness in natural resources, the Pergamon Micro-Region became a preferred settlement area, with evidence of human impact since the Hellenistic–Roman period at the latest. As a consequence of settlement activities, several landscape engineering measures were implemented simultaneously with a parallel change in morphodynamics.

Suggested Citation

  • Xun Yang & Fabian Becker & Daniel Knitter & Brigitta Schütt, 2021. "An Overview of the Geomorphological Characteristics of the Pergamon Micro-Region (Bakırçay and Madra River Catchments, Aegean Region, West Turkey)," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-27, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:10:y:2021:i:7:p:667-:d:581291
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Julian Laabs & Daniel Knitter, 2021. "How Much Is Enough? First Steps to a Social Ecology of the Pergamon Microregion," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-19, May.
    2. Russell, Ben, 2013. "The Economics of the Roman Stone Trade," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199656394.
    3. Fabian Becker & Daniel Knitter & Moritz Nykamp & Brigitta Schütt, 2020. "Meta-Analysis of Geomorphodynamics in the Western Lower Bakırçay Plain (Aegean Region, Turkey)," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(9), pages 1-29, September.
    4. Bernhard Ludwig, 2020. "Reconstructing the Ancient Route Network in Pergamon’s Surroundings," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-38, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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