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Metrics and Equivalence in Conservation Banking

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  • Marie Grimm

    (Technische Universität Berlin, Environmental Assessment and Planning Research Group, EB 5, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany)

Abstract

Offsets are increasingly used to compensate for unavoidable development impacts on species and habitats. Many offset programs pursue no net loss, but research on the success of these programs is lacking, including research on conservation banking’s success in conserving protected species under the US Endangered Species Act. This article provides a case study analysis of two conservation banks in the state of California, comparing the conservation gains provided by banks with the losses from development impacts. It provides an analysis of credits and metrics to determine whether the gains are equal to the losses in terms of type, condition, and amount. Results do show that the gains exceed the losses in terms of acreage. However, the program uses indirect metrics (acreage), and the equivalence of the losses and gains, besides habitat type and size, is not reflected. Banks provide a baseline in their documentation and conduct monitoring of species abundance and habitat quality, but they do not use it to measure additional conservation gains. More detailed metrics and transparent indices to certify the acres in production could allow for a quantification of conservation benefits and an evaluation of program success. However, selecting standardized metrics is challenging because they need to be species-specific to reflect the goal of species recovery, and still be operational in practice.

Suggested Citation

  • Marie Grimm, 2021. "Metrics and Equivalence in Conservation Banking," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-14, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:10:y:2021:i:6:p:565-:d:563801
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mechtilde M. J. Gorissen & C. Martijn van der Heide & Johannes H.J. Schaminée, 2020. "Habitat Banking and Its Challenges in a Densely Populated Country: The Case of The Netherlands," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-36, May.
    2. McVittie, Alistair & Faccioli, Michela, 2020. "Biodiversity and ecosystem services net gain assessment: A comparison of metrics," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 44(C).
    3. Marie Grimm & Johann Köppel, 2019. "Biodiversity Offset Program Design and Implementation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-15, December.
    4. Martine Maron & Susie Brownlie & Joseph W. Bull & Megan C. Evans & Amrei von Hase & Fabien Quétier & James E. M. Watson & Ascelin Gordon, 2018. "The many meanings of no net loss in environmental policy," Nature Sustainability, Nature, vol. 1(1), pages 19-27, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Martin Drechsler, 2021. "Bundling of Ecosystem Services in Conservation Offsets: Risks and How They Can Be Avoided," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-10, June.
    2. Sebastian Theis & Mark S. Poesch, 2022. "Assessing Conservation and Mitigation Banking Practices and Associated Gains and Losses in the United States," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-24, May.
    3. Brunetti, Ilaria & Sabatier, Rodolphe & Mouysset, Lauriane, 2023. "A spatial model for biodiversity offsetting," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 481(C).
    4. Jagdish Poudel & Raju Pokharel, 2021. "Financial Analysis of Habitat Conservation Banking in California," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-12, November.

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