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Risk Management and Agency Theory: Role of the Put Option in Corporate Bonds

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  • Manish Tewari

    (Department of Finance, Menlo College, 1000 El Camino Real, Atherton, CA 94027, USA)

  • Pradipkumar Ramanlal

    (Department of Finance and Dr. P. Phillips School of Real Estate, University of Central Florida, College of Business, 12744 Pegasus Dr., Orlando, FL 32816, USA)

Abstract

This study sets out a new methodology to exemplify, through a set of risk metrics called the Greeks, impact of a bond’s structured provisions (e.g., call, put, and conversion options) on its risk characteristics and its propensity for agency conflicts. The methodology is assessed by applying it to a sample of 159 non-convertible bonds, with time-scheduled call and put provisions issued between 1977 and 2005. A structural contingent-claims valuation model is used to value the bonds and estimate the Greeks. The methodology is used to assess the impact of the call and put provisions on the bond’s credit risk and interest-rate risk, as well as the provisions’ ability to mitigate the agency conflict associated with over-investment, under-investment, asset-substitution, and information asymmetry about the firm’s true risk among stakeholders. The main findings of this study are that the put option plays a key role in reducing credit risk, mitigating agency conflict, and protecting against volatility shocks; conversely, the call option plays a key role in reducing interest-rate risk. The methodology is sufficiently general to apply to bonds and preferred stock with any set of structured provisions.

Suggested Citation

  • Manish Tewari & Pradipkumar Ramanlal, 2022. "Risk Management and Agency Theory: Role of the Put Option in Corporate Bonds," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-28, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jjrfmx:v:15:y:2022:i:2:p:61-:d:738943
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Jensen, Michael C. & Meckling, William H., 1976. "Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 3(4), pages 305-360, October.
    3. Altintig, Z. Ayca & Butler, Alexander W., 2005. "Are they still called late? The effect of notice period on calls of convertible bonds," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 11(1-2), pages 337-350, March.
    4. David Wang & Heng-Chih Chou, 2005. "Defaultable Puttable/Callable Bond Valuation: A 3D Finite Difference Model," Finance 0511018, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Sarkar, Sudipto, 2003. "Early and late calls of convertible bonds: Theory and evidence," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 27(7), pages 1349-1374, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Amir Ahmad Dar & Mohammad Shahfaraz Khan & Imran Azad & Amit Kumar Pathak & Gopu Jayaraman, 2024. "Literature review: options and its applications," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 4(8), pages 1-26, August.

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