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An Overall Water Quality Index (WQI) for a Man-Made Aquatic Reservoir in Mexico

Author

Listed:
  • Hector Rubio-Arias

    (Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Periferico Francisco R. Almada, Km. 1, Colonia Zootecnia, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, CP 31000, Mexico)

  • Manuel Contreras-Caraveo

    (Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Periferico Francisco R. Almada, Km. 1, Colonia Zootecnia, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, CP 31000, Mexico)

  • Rey Manuel Quintana

    (Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Periferico Francisco R. Almada, Km. 1, Colonia Zootecnia, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, CP 31000, Mexico)

  • Ruben Alfonso Saucedo-Teran

    (National Research Institute for Forestry, Agriculture and Animal Production, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, CP 31890, Mexico)

  • Adan Pinales-Munguia

    (Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Periferico Francisco R. Almada, Km. 1, Colonia Zootecnia, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, CP 31000, Mexico)

Abstract

A Water Quality Index (WQI) is a useful statistical tool for simplifying, reporting and interpreting complex information obtained from any body of water. A simple number given by any WQI model explains the level of water contamination. The objective was to develop a WQI for the water of the Luis L. Leon dam located in the state of Chihuahua, Mexico. Monthly water samples were obtained in 2009; January 10, February 12, March 8, May 20, June 10, July 9, August 12, September 10, October 11, November 15 and December 13. Ten sampling sites were randomly selected after dividing the study area using a geographic package. In each site, two samples at the top depth of 0.20 m and 1.0 m were obtained to quantify physical-chemical parameters. The following 11 parameters were considered to calculate the WQI; pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), color, turbidity, ammonia nitrogen, fluorides, chlorides, sulfates, Total Solids (TS) and phosphorous (P). The data analysis involved two steps; a single analysis for each parameter and the WQI calculation. The resulted WQI value classified the water quality according to the following ranges: 2.8 excellent water. The results showed that the WQI values changed from low levels (WQI 2.8) most of the year and the variation was due to time of sampling generally rainy season.

Suggested Citation

  • Hector Rubio-Arias & Manuel Contreras-Caraveo & Rey Manuel Quintana & Ruben Alfonso Saucedo-Teran & Adan Pinales-Munguia, 2012. "An Overall Water Quality Index (WQI) for a Man-Made Aquatic Reservoir in Mexico," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-12, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:9:y:2012:i:5:p:1687-1698:d:17556
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Roberto L. Gutiérrez & Hector Rubio-Arias & Ray Quintana & Juan Angel Ortega & Melida Gutierrez, 2008. "Heavy metals in water of the San Pedro River in Chihuahua, Mexico and its potential health risk," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 5(2), pages 1-8, June.
    2. Hector Rubio-Arias & Nora I. Rey & Rey M. Quintana & G. Virginia Nevarez & Oskar Palacios, 2011. "Coliform and Metal Contamination in Lago de Colina, a Recreational Water Body in Chihuahua State, Mexico," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 8(6), pages 1-15, June.
    3. Hector Rubio-Arias & César Quintana & Jorge Jimenez-Castro & Ray Quintana & Melida Gutierrez, 2010. "Contamination of the Conchos River in Mexico: Does It Pose a Health Risk to Local Residents?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 7(5), pages 1-14, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Basheer A. Elubid & Tao Huang & Ekhlas H. Ahmed & Jianfei Zhao & Khalid. M. Elhag & Waleed Abbass & Mohammed M. Babiker, 2019. "Geospatial Distributions of Groundwater Quality in Gedaref State Using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Drinking Water Quality Index (DWQI)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-20, February.
    2. Xizhi Nong & Dongguo Shao & Yi Xiao & Hua Zhong, 2019. "Spatio-Temporal Characterization Analysis and Water Quality Assessment of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project of China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-23, June.
    3. Peng Zhang & Yong Pang & Hongche Pan & Chengchun Shi & Yawen Huang & Jianjian Wang, 2015. "Factors Contributing to Hypoxia in the Minjiang River Estuary, Southeast China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-18, August.

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