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Cumulative Risk Assessment: An Overview of Methodological Approaches for Evaluating Combined Health Effects from Exposure to Multiple Environmental Stressors

Author

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  • Ken Sexton

    (Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, School of Public Health, Brownsville Regional Campus, 80 Fort Brown, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA)

Abstract

Systematic evaluation of cumulative health risks from the combined effects of multiple environmental stressors is becoming a vital component of risk-based decisions aimed at protecting human populations and communities. This article briefly examines the historical development of cumulative risk assessment as an analytical tool, and discusses current approaches for evaluating cumulative health effects from exposure to both chemical mixtures and combinations of chemical and nonchemical stressors. A comparison of stressor-based and effects-based assessment methods is presented, and the potential value of focusing on viable risk management options to limit the scope of cumulative evaluations is discussed. The ultimate goal of cumulative risk assessment is to provide answers to decision-relevant questions based on organized scientific analysis; even if the answers, at least for the time being, are inexact and uncertain.

Suggested Citation

  • Ken Sexton, 2012. "Cumulative Risk Assessment: An Overview of Methodological Approaches for Evaluating Combined Health Effects from Exposure to Multiple Environmental Stressors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-21, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:9:y:2012:i:2:p:370-390:d:15820
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Timothy M. Barzyk & Hongtai Huang & Ronald Williams & Amanda Kaufman & Jonathan Essoka, 2018. "Advice and Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) for Citizen-Science Environmental Health Assessments," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-20, May.
    2. Devon C. Payne-Sturges & Thurka Sangaramoorthy & Helen Mittmann, 2021. "Framing Environmental Health Decision-Making: The Struggle over Cumulative Impacts Policy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-21, April.
    3. Leah Zilversmit Pao & Emily W. Harville & Jeffrey K. Wickliffe & Arti Shankar & Pierre Buekens, 2019. "The Cumulative Risk of Chemical and Nonchemical Exposures on Birth Outcomes in Healthy Women: The Fetal Growth Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-16, October.
    4. Timothy M. Barzyk & Sacoby Wilson & Anthony Wilson, 2015. "Community, State, and Federal Approaches to Cumulative Risk Assessment: Challenges and Opportunities for Integration," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-26, April.
    5. Miguel Ángel López-Navarro & Jaume Llorens-Monzonís & Vicente Tortosa-Edo, 2013. "The Effect of Social Trust on Citizens’ Health Risk Perception in the Context of a Petrochemical Industrial Complex," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-18, January.
    6. Birute Balseviciene & Liuda Sinkariova & Regina Grazuleviciene & Sandra Andrusaityte & Inga Uzdanaviciute & Audrius Dedele & Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, 2014. "Impact of Residential Greenness on Preschool Children’s Emotional and Behavioral Problems," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-14, June.
    7. Esther Min & Deric Gruen & Debolina Banerjee & Tina Echeverria & Lauren Freelander & Michael Schmeltz & Erik Saganić & Millie Piazza & Vanessa E. Galaviz & Michael Yost & Edmund Y.W. Seto, 2019. "The Washington State Environmental Health Disparities Map: Development of a Community-Responsive Cumulative Impacts Assessment Tool," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-16, November.
    8. Kristen Burwell-Naney & Sacoby M. Wilson & Siobhan T. Whitlock & Robin Puett, 2019. "Hybrid Resiliency-Stressor Conceptual Framework for Informing Decision Support Tools and Addressing Environmental Injustice and Health Inequities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-19, April.
    9. Raoul S. Liévanos, 2018. "Retooling CalEnviroScreen: Cumulative Pollution Burden and Race-Based Environmental Health Vulnerabilities in California," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-26, April.
    10. Kathleen Kerr & Gayle Morse & Donald Graves & Fei Zuo & Alain Lipowicz & David O. Carpenter, 2019. "A Detoxification Intervention for Gulf War Illness: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-27, October.
    11. Kathleen Hibbert & Nicolle S. Tulve, 2019. "State-of-the-Science Review of Non-Chemical Stressors Found in a Child’s Social Environment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-27, November.

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