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Carbonic Anhydrase as Pollution Biomarker: An Ancient Enzyme with a New Use

Author

Listed:
  • Maria Giulia Lionetto

    (Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Via prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy)

  • Roberto Caricato

    (Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Via prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy)

  • Maria Elena Giordano

    (Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Via prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy)

  • Elisa Erroi

    (Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Via prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy)

  • Trifone Schettino

    (Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Via prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy)

Abstract

The measurement of cellular and sub-cellular responses to chemical contaminants (referred to as biomarkers) in living organisms represents a recent tool in environmental monitoring. The review focuses on carbonic anhydrase, a ubiquitous metalloenzyme which plays key roles in a wide variety of physiological processes involving CO 2 and HCO 3 − . In the last decade a number of studies have demonstrated the sensitivity of this enzyme to pollutants such as heavy metals and organic chemicals in both humans and wildlife. The review analyses these studies and discusses the potentiality of this enzyme as novel biomarker in environmental monitoring and assessment.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria Giulia Lionetto & Roberto Caricato & Maria Elena Giordano & Elisa Erroi & Trifone Schettino, 2012. "Carbonic Anhydrase as Pollution Biomarker: An Ancient Enzyme with a New Use," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-13, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:9:y:2012:i:11:p:3965-3977:d:21114
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Todd W. Lane & Mak A. Saito & Graham N. George & Ingrid J. Pickering & Roger C. Prince & François M. M. Morel, 2005. "A cadmium enzyme from a marine diatom," Nature, Nature, vol. 435(7038), pages 42-42, May.
    2. Yan Xu & Liang Feng & Philip D. Jeffrey & Yigong Shi & François M. M. Morel, 2008. "Structure and metal exchange in the cadmium carbonic anhydrase of marine diatoms," Nature, Nature, vol. 452(7183), pages 56-61, March.
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