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Quantitative Variations of Intracellular Microcystin-LR, -RR and -YR in Samples Collected from Four Locations in Hartbeespoort Dam in North West Province (South Africa) During the 2010/2011 Summer Season

Author

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  • Elbert A. Mbukwa

    (Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa)

  • Titus A.M. Msagati

    (Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa)

  • Bhekie B. Mamba

    (Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa)

Abstract

The Hartbeespoort (HBP) Dam is a reservoir used for agricultural, domestic supply of raw potable water and recreational activities in South Africa’s North-West Province. Eutrophication and cyanobacterial blooms have long been a cause of water-quality problems in this reservoir. The most prevalent bloom-forming species is Microcystis aeruginosa , often producing the toxin microcystin, a hepatotoxin which can negatively impact aquatic animal and human health, and poses a problem for potable water supply. Algal samples were collected monthly from four pre-determined sites in the dam during the summer months (December 2010–March 2011). Intracellular microcystins (MCs) were extracted using SPE C 18 cartridges, followed by separation, identification and quantification using LC-ESI-MS techniques. Quantitative variation studies of MCs were conducted with respect to MC congener isolated, sampling site and month. Three main MC congeners (MC-RR, -LR and-YR) were isolated, identified and quantified. In addition, three minor MCs (MC-WR, MC-(H 4 )YR and (D-Asp 3 , Dha 7 )MC-RR were also identified, but were not quantified. The MC dominance followed the order MC-RR>MC-LR>MC-YR across all sites and time. The maximum and minimum concentrations were 268 µg/g and 0.14 µg/g DW for MC-RR and MC-YR, respectively, of the total MCs quantified from this study. One-way ANOVA showed that there were no significant differences between average MC concentrations recorded across months ( P = 0.62), there was, however, a marginally-significant difference in concentrations among MC congeners ( P = 0.06). ANCOVA revealed a highly significant interaction between sites and MC congeners on MC concentration ( P

Suggested Citation

  • Elbert A. Mbukwa & Titus A.M. Msagati & Bhekie B. Mamba, 2012. "Quantitative Variations of Intracellular Microcystin-LR, -RR and -YR in Samples Collected from Four Locations in Hartbeespoort Dam in North West Province (South Africa) During the 2010/2011 Summer Sea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-22, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:9:y:2012:i:10:p:3484-3505:d:20466
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ian R. Falconer & Andrew R. Humpage, 2005. "Health Risk Assessment of Cyanobacterial (Blue-green Algal) Toxins in Drinking Water," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 2(1), pages 1-8, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Rui Ye & Kun Shan & Hailong Gao & Ruibin Zhang & Wen Xiong & Yulei Wang & Xin Qian, 2014. "Spatio-Temporal Distribution Patterns in Environmental Factors, Chlorophyll-a and Microcystins in a Large Shallow Lake, Lake Taihu, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-15, May.

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