IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v8y2011i5p1388-1401d12297.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Biomarkers of Immunotoxicity for Environmental and Public Health Research

Author

Listed:
  • Paurene Duramad

    (Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way MS #59, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA)

  • Nina T. Holland

    (School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 733 University Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA)

Abstract

The immune response plays an important role in the pathophysiology of numerous diseases including asthma, autoimmunity and cancer. Application of biomarkers of immunotoxicity in epidemiology studies and human clinical trials can improve our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the associations between environmental exposures and development of these immune-mediated diseases. Immunological biomarkers currently used in environmental health studies include detection of key components of innate and adaptive immunity (e.g., complement, immunoglobulin and cell subsets) as well as functional responses and activation of key immune cells. The use of high-throughput assays, including flow cytometry, Luminex, and Multi-spot cytokine detection methods can further provide quantitative analysis of immune effects. Due to the complexity and redundancy of the immune response, an integrated assessment of several components of the immune responses is needed. The rapidly expanding field of immunoinformatics will also aid in the synthesis of the vast amount of data being generated. This review discusses and provides examples of how the identification and development of immunological biomarkers for use in studies of environmental exposures and immune-mediated disorders can be achieved.

Suggested Citation

  • Paurene Duramad & Nina T. Holland, 2011. "Biomarkers of Immunotoxicity for Environmental and Public Health Research," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 8(5), pages 1-14, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:8:y:2011:i:5:p:1388-1401:d:12297
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/8/5/1388/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/8/5/1388/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Seung-Jae Heo & Sang-Kyun Park & Yong-Seok Jee, 2022. "Detraining Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical Fitness, Cytokines, C-Reactive Protein and Immunocytes in Men of Various Age Groups," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-15, February.
    2. Hiromitsu Kobayashi & Chorong Song & Harumi Ikei & Bum-Jin Park & Takahide Kagawa & Yoshifumi Miyazaki, 2017. "Diurnal Changes in Distribution Characteristics of Salivary Cortisol and Immunoglobulin A Concentrations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-9, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:8:y:2011:i:5:p:1388-1401:d:12297. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.