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Combined Toxic Exposures and Human Health: Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect

Author

Listed:
  • Ilona Silins

    (Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Johan Högberg

    (Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden)

Abstract

Procedures for risk assessment of chemical mixtures, combined and cumulative exposures are under development, but the scientific database needs considerable expansion. In particular, there is a lack of knowledge on how to monitor effects of complex exposures, and there are few reviews on biomonitoring complex exposures. In this review we summarize articles in which biomonitoring techniques have been developed and used. Most examples describe techniques for biomonitoring effects which may detect early changes induced by many chemical stressors and which have the potential to accelerate data gathering. Some emphasis is put on endocrine disrupters acting via epigenetic mechanisms and on carcinogens. Solid evidence shows that these groups of chemicals can interact and even produce synergistic effects. They may act during sensitive time windows and biomonitoring their effects in epidemiological studies is a challenging task.

Suggested Citation

  • Ilona Silins & Johan Högberg, 2011. "Combined Toxic Exposures and Human Health: Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-19, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:8:y:2011:i:3:p:629-647:d:11448
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    Cited by:

    1. Collins Otieno Asweto & Jing Wu & Hejing Hu & Lin Feng & Xiaozhe Yang & Junchao Duan & Zhiwei Sun, 2017. "Combined Effect of Silica Nanoparticles and Benzo[a]pyrene on Cell Cycle Arrest Induction and Apoptosis in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-15, March.
    2. Camille Carles & Marion Albouy-Llaty & Antoine Dupuis & Sylvie Rabouan & Virginie Migeot, 2021. "Comparison of the Effect on Fetal Growth of a Mixture of Atrazine and Nitrates in Drinking Water and of Active Tobacco Exposure during Pregnancy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-15, February.

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