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Ethanol and Cognition: Indirect Effects, Neurotoxicity and Neuroprotection: A Review

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  • John C.M. Brust

    (Department of Neurology, Harlem Hospital Center and Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10037, USA)

Abstract

Ethanol affects cognition in a number of ways. Indirect effects include intoxication, withdrawal, brain trauma, central nervous system infection, hypoglycemia, hepatic failure, and Marchiafava-Bignami disease. Nutritional deficiency can cause pellagra and Wernicke-Korsakoff disorder. Additionally, ethanol is a direct neurotoxin and in sufficient dosage can cause lasting dementia. However, ethanol also has neuroprotectant properties and in low-to-moderate dosage reduces the risk of dementia, including Alzheimer type. In fetuses ethanol is teratogenic, and whether there exists a safe dose during pregnancy is uncertain and controversial.

Suggested Citation

  • John C.M. Brust, 2010. "Ethanol and Cognition: Indirect Effects, Neurotoxicity and Neuroprotection: A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-18, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:7:y:2010:i:4:p:1540-1557:d:7786
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Galanis, D.J. & Joseph, C. & Masaki, K.H. & Petrovitch, H. & Ross, G.W. & White, L., 2000. "A longitudinal study of drinking and cognitive performance in elderly Japanese American men: The Honolulu-Asia aging study," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 90(8), pages 1254-1259.
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