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Perchlorate: Health Effects and Technologies for Its Removal from Water Resources

Author

Listed:
  • Asha Srinivasan

    (Faculty of Engineering, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada)

  • Thiruvenkatachari Viraraghavan

    (Professor Emeritus, Faculty of Engineering, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada)

Abstract

Perchlorate has been found in drinking water and surface waters in the United States and Canada. It is primarily associated with release from defense and military operations. Natural sources include certain fertilizers and potash ores. Although it is a strong oxidant, perchlorate is very persistent in the environment. At high concentrations perchlorate can affect the thyroid gland by inhibiting the uptake of iodine. A maximum contaminant level has not been set, while a guidance value of 6 ppb has been suggested by Health Canada. Perchlorate is measured in environmental samples primarily by ion chromatography. It can be removed from water by anion exchange or membrane filtration. Biological and chemical processes are also effective in removing this species from water.

Suggested Citation

  • Asha Srinivasan & Thiruvenkatachari Viraraghavan, 2009. "Perchlorate: Health Effects and Technologies for Its Removal from Water Resources," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 6(4), pages 1-25, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:6:y:2009:i:4:p:1418-1442:d:4614
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