IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v6y2009i3p1174-1203d4289.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Indirect Potable Reuse: A Sustainable Water Supply Alternative

Author

Listed:
  • Clemencia Rodriguez

    (School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, (M431) Crawley WA 6009 Western Australia, Australia)

  • Paul Van Buynder

    (Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Grace Vaughan House 227 Stubbs Terrace, Shenton Park, WA 6008 Western Australia, Australia)

  • Richard Lugg

    (Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Grace Vaughan House 227 Stubbs Terrace, Shenton Park, WA 6008 Western Australia, Australia)

  • Palenque Blair

    (Water Corporation, Western Australia, 629 Newcastle Street, Leederville, Perth WA 6007 Western Australia, Australia)

  • Brian Devine

    (School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, (M431) Crawley WA 6009 Western Australia, Australia)

  • Angus Cook

    (School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, (M431) Crawley WA 6009 Western Australia, Australia)

  • Philip Weinstein

    (School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, (M431) Crawley WA 6009 Western Australia, Australia)

Abstract

The growing scarcity of potable water supplies is among the most important issues facing many cities, in particular those using single sources of water that are climate dependent. Consequently, urban centers are looking to alternative sources of water supply that can supplement variable rainfall and meet the demands of population growth. A diversified portfolio of water sources is required to ensure public health, as well as social, economical and environmental sustainability. One of the options considered is the augmentation of drinking water supplies with advanced treated recycled water. This paper aims to provide a state of the art review of water recycling for drinking purposes with emphasis on membrane treatment processes. An overview of significant indirect potable reuse projects is presented followed by a description of the epidemiological and toxicological studies evaluating any potential human health impacts. Finally, a summary of key operational measures to protect human health and the areas that require further research are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Clemencia Rodriguez & Paul Van Buynder & Richard Lugg & Palenque Blair & Brian Devine & Angus Cook & Philip Weinstein, 2009. "Indirect Potable Reuse: A Sustainable Water Supply Alternative," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 6(3), pages 1-30, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:6:y:2009:i:3:p:1174-1203:d:4289
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/6/3/1174/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/6/3/1174/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Eleonora Santos & Milena Carvalho & Susana Martins, 2023. "Sustainable Water Management: Understanding the Socioeconomic and Cultural Dimensions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-21, August.
    2. Miklas Scholz, 2009. "Sustainability: Environmental Studies and Public Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 6(10), pages 1-3, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:6:y:2009:i:3:p:1174-1203:d:4289. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.