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Smoking and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Parallel Epidemics of the 21 st Century

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  • Rafael Laniado-Laborín

    (Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Baja Califonia, Mexico)

Abstract

One hundred million deaths were caused by tobacco in the 20 th century, and it is estimated that there will be up to one billion deaths attributed to tobacco use in the 21 st century. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is rapidly becoming a global public health crisis with smoking being recognized as its most important causative factor. The most effective available treatment for COPD is smoking cessation. There is mounting evidence that the rate of progression of COPD can be reduced when patients at risk of developing the disease stop smoking, while lifelong smokers have a 50% probability of developing COPD during their lifetime. More significantly, there is also evidence that the risk of developing COPD falls by about half with smoking cessation. Several pharmacological interventions now exist to aid smokers in cessation; these include nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, and varenicline. All pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation are more efficacious than placebo, with odds ratios of about 2. Pharmacologic therapy should be combined with nonpharmacologic (behavioral) therapy. Unfortunately, despite the documented efficacy of these agents, the absolute number of patients who are abstinent from smoking at 12 months of follow-up is low.

Suggested Citation

  • Rafael Laniado-Laborín, 2009. "Smoking and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Parallel Epidemics of the 21 st Century," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 6(1), pages 1-16, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:6:y:2009:i:1:p:209-224:d:3832
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ji Eun Min & Da-An Huh & Kyong Whan Moon, 2020. "The Joint Effects of Some Beverages Intake and Smoking on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Korean Adults: Data Analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES),," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-13, April.
    2. Monica Jackson & Kameshwar P. Singh & Thomas Lamb & Scott McIntosh & Irfan Rahman, 2020. "Flavor Preference and Systemic Immunoglobulin Responses in E-Cigarette Users and Waterpipe and Tobacco Smokers: A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-9, January.
    3. Giap Van Vu & Giang Hai Ha & Cuong Tat Nguyen & Giang Thu Vu & Hai Quang Pham & Carl A. Latkin & Bach Xuan Tran & Roger C. M. Ho & Cyrus S. H. Ho, 2020. "Interventions to Improve the Quality of Life of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Global Mapping During 1990–2018," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-14, April.

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