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Microstructures and Nanostructures for Environmental Carbon Nanotubes and Nanoparticulate Soots

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  • L. E. Murr

    (Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA)

Abstract

This paper examines the microstructures and nanostructures for natural (mined) chrysotile asbestos nanotubes (Mg 3 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 ) in comparison with commercial multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), utilizing scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Black carbon (BC) and a variety of specific soot particulate (aggregate) microstructures and nanostructures are also examined comparatively by SEM and TEM. A range of MWCNTs collected in the environment (both indoor and outdoor) are also examined and shown to be similar to some commercial MWCNTs but to exhibit a diversity of microstructures and nanostructures, including aggregation with other multiconcentric fullerenic nanoparticles. MWCNTs formed in the environment nucleate from special hemispherical graphene “caps” and there is evidence for preferential or energetically favorable chiralities, tube growth, and closing. The multiconcentric graphene tubes (~5 to 50 nm diameter) differentiate themselves from multiconcentric fullerenic nanoparticles and especially turbostratic BC and carbonaceous soot nanospherules (~8 to 80 nm diameter) because the latter are composed of curved graphene fragments intermixed or intercalated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) isomers of varying molecular weights and mass concentrations; depending upon combustion conditions and sources. The functionalizing of these nanostructures and photoxidation and related photothermal phenomena, as these may influence the cytotoxicities of these nanoparticulate aggregates, will also be discussed in the context of nanostructures and nanostructure phenomena, and implications for respiratory health.

Suggested Citation

  • L. E. Murr, 2008. "Microstructures and Nanostructures for Environmental Carbon Nanotubes and Nanoparticulate Soots," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 5(5), pages 1-16, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:5:y:2008:i:5:p:321-336:d:3755
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. K. F. Soto & L. E. Murr & K. M. Garza, 2008. "Cytotoxic Responses and Potential Respiratory Health Effects of Carbon and Carbonaceous Nanoparticulates in the Paso del Norte Airshed Environment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 5(1), pages 1-14, March.
    2. L. E. Murr & K. M. Garza & K. F. Soto & A. Carrasco & T. G. Powell & D. A. Ramirez & P. A. Guerrero & D. A. Lopez & J. Venzor, 2005. "Cytotoxicity Assessment of Some Carbon Nanotubes and Related Carbon Nanoparticle Aggregates and the Implications for Anthropogenic Carbon Nanotube Aggregates in the Environment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 2(1), pages 1-12, April.
    3. L. E. Murr & K. F. Soto & K. M. Garza & P. A. Guerrero & F. Martinez & E. V. Esquivel & D. A. Ramirez & Y. Shi & J. J. Bang & J. Venzor, III, 2006. "Combustion-Generated Nanoparticulates in the El Paso, TX, USA / Juarez, Mexico Metroplex: Their Comparative Characterization and Potential for Adverse Health Effects," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 3(1), pages 1-19, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Brenda I. Machado & Lawrence E. Murr & Raquel M. Suro & Sara M. Gaytan & Diana A. Ramirez & Kristine M. Garza & Brian E. Schuster, 2010. "Characterization and Cytotoxic Assessment of Ballistic Aerosol Particulates for Tungsten Alloy Penetrators into Steel Target Plates," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 7(9), pages 1-19, August.

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    1. K. F. Soto & L. E. Murr & K. M. Garza, 2008. "Cytotoxic Responses and Potential Respiratory Health Effects of Carbon and Carbonaceous Nanoparticulates in the Paso del Norte Airshed Environment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 5(1), pages 1-14, March.
    2. L. E. Murr & K. F. Soto & K. M. Garza & P. A. Guerrero & F. Martinez & E. V. Esquivel & D. A. Ramirez & Y. Shi & J. J. Bang & J. Venzor, III, 2006. "Combustion-Generated Nanoparticulates in the El Paso, TX, USA / Juarez, Mexico Metroplex: Their Comparative Characterization and Potential for Adverse Health Effects," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 3(1), pages 1-19, March.

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