A Cross-Sectional, Descriptive Qualitative Study of Information Counselling During Tuberculosis Treatment in South Africa: Awareness of XDR-TB Patients on Ototoxic Effects

Ototoxicity is a significant adverse effect associated with second-line anti-tuberculosis (TB) medications, particularly in treating extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB). This study investigated the awareness of ototoxic effects among adults with XDR-TB undergoing treatment in South Africa, specifically exploring the role of information counselling on ototoxic symptoms, the timing of counselling, the content covered, and the management pathways available. This cross-sectional, descriptive qualitative study was conducted at Brooklyn Chest Hospital in the Western Cape. Ten adults with XDR-TB were purposively sampled and participated in semi-structured in-depth interviews. Data were thematically analyzed and the results revealed variability in information counselling on ototoxicity, with only 30% of participants receiving comprehensive counselling that specifically addressed ototoxic symptoms. The timing of counselling was inconsistent: while 70% of participants received some information before treatment, the remainder received counselling only after treatment initiation, which may have impacted early symptom recognition. Participants’ awareness of ototoxic symptoms was generally limited, with most identifying hearing loss but few recognizing other symptoms such as tinnitus or dizziness. Furthermore, only 20% of participants were provided with clear referral pathways for symptom management. These findings highlight a gap in the depth, timing, and specificity of information counselling on ototoxic effects for XDR-TB in this context. Several interventions can be implemented to address this gap.