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The Effects of Filter Ventilation and Expanded Tobacco on the Tar, Nicotine and Carbon Monoxide Yields from Cigarettes Sold in Australia

Author

Listed:
  • Wendy R. Winnall

    (Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia)

  • Ashleigh Haynes

    (Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
    Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia)

  • Walther Klerx

    (Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands)

  • Ingrid M. E. Bakker-‘t Hart

    (Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands)

  • Caroline Versluis

    (Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands)

  • Niels M. Leijten

    (Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands)

  • Emily Brennan

    (Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
    Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia)

  • Reinskje Talhout

    (Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands)

  • Melanie A. Wakefield

    (Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
    Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia)

Abstract

Cigarette brand variant names and characteristics such as the taste and feel of the smoke can mislead consumers into believing some products are less harmful. We assessed the characteristics of three common cigarette variants sold in Australia, “gold”, “blue” and “red”, to determine which characteristics differed by color, and which affected tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide (TNCO) yields. TNCO yields, physical parameters, expanded tobacco and filter ventilation were measured in cigarette color variants from eight brands. Filter ventilation and expanded tobacco were common across brands and variants. Compared to blue and red variants, gold variants had slightly shorter tobacco rods and greater filter ventilation. Gold variants had lower TNCO when measured using the industry-favored International Organization for Standardization (ISO) protocol. ISO-measured TNCO yields were associated with filter ventilation and tobacco rod length, but not use of expanded tobacco. When measured using the Health Canada Intensive (HCI) protocol, which better emulates human smoking behavior, TNCO emissions were markedly higher, and the emission differences by extent of filter ventilation were minimized, indicating that ISO measurements are misleading. These findings confirm that cigarette color names, and the filter ventilation levels they signify, remain misleading more than a decade after plain packaging eliminated pack colors in Australia, as higher levels of filter ventilation are not associated with reduced TNCO emissions measured using the HCI protocol. Consumer education and communication campaigns could amplify the impacts of Australia’s newly passed tobacco legislation banning color and other variant names that imply reduced harm.

Suggested Citation

  • Wendy R. Winnall & Ashleigh Haynes & Walther Klerx & Ingrid M. E. Bakker-‘t Hart & Caroline Versluis & Niels M. Leijten & Emily Brennan & Reinskje Talhout & Melanie A. Wakefield, 2024. "The Effects of Filter Ventilation and Expanded Tobacco on the Tar, Nicotine and Carbon Monoxide Yields from Cigarettes Sold in Australia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 22(1), pages 1-16, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:22:y:2024:i:1:p:50-:d:1558080
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Charlotte G.G.M. Pauwels & Agnes W. Boots & Wouter F. Visser & Jeroen L.A. Pennings & Reinskje Talhout & Frederik-Jan Van Schooten & Antoon Opperhuizen, 2020. "Characteristic Human Individual Puffing Profiles Can Generate More TNCO than ISO and Health Canada Regimes on Smoking Machine When the Same Brand Is Smoked," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-16, May.
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