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Dietary Minerals and Incident Cardiovascular Outcomes among Never-Smokers in a Danish Case–Cohort Study

Author

Listed:
  • Victoria Fruh

    (Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Tesleem Babalola

    (Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, & Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Clara Sears

    (Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA)

  • Gregory A. Wellenius

    (Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA)

  • Thomas F. Webster

    (Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA)

  • Koren K. Mann

    (Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada)

  • James Harrington

    (Center for Analytical Science, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA)

  • Anne Tjønneland

    (Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
    Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark)

  • Ole Raaschou-Nielsen

    (Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
    Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark)

  • Birgit Claus Henn

    (Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA)

  • Jaymie R. Meliker

    (Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, & Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA)

Abstract

Background: Diet is known to impact cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but evidence for the essential minerals of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K) is inconsistent. Methods: We conducted a case–cohort study within a non-smoking subgroup of the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort, a prospective study of 50–64-year-olds recruited between 1993–1997. We identified incident heart failure (HF), acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke cases through 2015 with an 1135-member subcohort. We measured the dietary intake of minerals, also known as elements, and calculated a combined dietary intake (CDI) score based on joint Ca, Mg and K intakes (mg/d) from Food Frequency Questionnaires. We estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with Cox proportional hazard models. Results: Most HRs examining associations between CDI score and CVD were null. However, the third quartile of CDI was associated with a lower risk for heart failure (HR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.67, 1.17), AMI (HR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.60, 1.04), and stroke (HR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.88). Conclusions: We did not find consistent evidence to suggest that higher levels of essential minerals are associated with incident HF, AMI, and stroke, though results suggest a potential U-shaped relationship between select minerals and CVD outcomes.

Suggested Citation

  • Victoria Fruh & Tesleem Babalola & Clara Sears & Gregory A. Wellenius & Thomas F. Webster & Koren K. Mann & James Harrington & Anne Tjønneland & Ole Raaschou-Nielsen & Birgit Claus Henn & Jaymie R. Me, 2024. "Dietary Minerals and Incident Cardiovascular Outcomes among Never-Smokers in a Danish Case–Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(7), pages 1-19, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:21:y:2024:i:7:p:932-:d:1437210
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