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Self-Esteem and Occupational Factors as Predictors of the Incidence of Anxiety and Depression among Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Latvia

Author

Listed:
  • Laura Valaine

    (Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1046 Riga, Latvia)

  • Māra Grēve

    (Statistics Unit, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia)

  • Maksims Zolovs

    (Statistics Unit, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
    Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils University, LV-5401 Daugavpils, Latvia)

  • Gunta Ancāne

    (Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1046 Riga, Latvia)

  • Artūrs Utināns

    (Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1046 Riga, Latvia)

  • Ģirts Briģis

    (Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia)

Abstract

The prevalence of depression and anxiety among healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic is high. The aim of the study is to identify the importance of self-esteem and occupational factors in association with the incidence of depression and anxiety among HCWs through a longitudinal cohort study during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latvia. Participants received seven questionnaires during the COVID-19 pandemic on demographic parameters, work-related information, and contact with COVID-19 patients, and three standardized questionnaires that evaluated symptoms of anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), and self-esteem (Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale). The Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) was used to identify factors associated with the incidence of depression and anxiety among HCWs. A total of 322 participants were included in the data analysis for depression and 352 for anxiety. HCWs with low self-esteem were 83% more likely to experience depression and 76% more likely to experience anxiety. Working at a general practitioner practice is associated with twice the risk of developing depression and anxiety. A 31% increase in the odds of depression is observed among HCWs with direct contact with COVID-19 patients. The organizational and government levels must look for opportunities to facilitate the mental health of HCWs to ensure better-quality healthcare.

Suggested Citation

  • Laura Valaine & Māra Grēve & Maksims Zolovs & Gunta Ancāne & Artūrs Utināns & Ģirts Briģis, 2024. "Self-Esteem and Occupational Factors as Predictors of the Incidence of Anxiety and Depression among Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Latvia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(1), pages 1-14, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:21:y:2024:i:1:p:65-:d:1314540
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alice Fattori & Anna Comotti & Sara Mazzaracca & Dario Consonni & Lorenzo Bordini & Elisa Colombo & Paolo Brambilla & Matteo Bonzini, 2023. "Long-Term Trajectory and Risk Factors of Healthcare Workers’ Mental Health during COVID-19 Pandemic: A 24 Month Longitudinal Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-14, March.
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