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Stumbles, Gait, and Cognition: Risk Factors Associated with Falls in Older Adults with Subjective Memory Complaints

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Listed:
  • Isabella Delgado

    (Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas, Fundación Valle del Lili, Carrera 98 No. 18–49, Cali 760032, Colombia)

  • Miguel Angello Camacho

    (Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas, Fundación Valle del Lili, Carrera 98 No. 18–49, Cali 760032, Colombia)

  • Isabella Pugliese

    (Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Icesi, Calle 18 No. 122–135, Cali 760031, Colombia)

  • Hugo Juan Camilo Clavijo

    (Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Icesi, Calle 18 No. 122–135, Cali 760031, Colombia)

  • Mabel Moreno

    (Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas, Fundación Valle del Lili, Carrera 98 No. 18–49, Cali 760032, Colombia
    Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Icesi, Calle 18 No. 122–135, Cali 760031, Colombia)

  • Beatriz Muñoz Ospina

    (Adults Neuropsychology, Fundación Valle del Lili, Carrera 98 No. 18–49, Cali 760032, Colombia
    Department of Human Sciences, Universidad Icesi, Calle 18 No. 122–135, Cali 760031, Colombia)

  • Jorge Orozco

    (Neurology Department, Fundación Valle del Lili, Carrera 98 No. 18–49, Cali 760032, Colombia)

Abstract

Falls are a public health problem, impacting quality of life, independence, and health costs. Subjective memory complaints (SMCs) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) increase with age and may coexist. The risk of falls coinciding with SMCs is less understood. This study explored the risk factors associated with falls in adults with SMCs or MCI. A case–control study in adults over 50 was conducted. All participants underwent a neuropsychological assessment and a Timed Up and Go (TUG) test for gait analysis. Logistic regression calculated OR and p values, adjusting for demographic, clinical, cognitive, and gait variables. There was a total of 64 patients (47.06%) and 72 controls (52.94%). Fallers were older (70.76 ± 7.31) and had hypertension (29.63%), a history of stumbling (13.97%), slow TUG test performance (19.12%), and an asymmetric arm swing (19.85%). Fallers had lower verbal fluency ( p = 0.043) and impairment on the Rey–Osterrieth figure copy ( p = 0.047). Highest risk factors included female sex (OR 3.55, p = 0.006), older age (OR= 1.08, p = 0.006), hypertension (OR 3.33, p = 0.005), and stumbles (OR 5.65, p = 0.002). This study reconsiders clinical fall risk assessments in older adults with SMCs. Visuo-constructional abilities and executive dysfunction should be followed over time. Female sex, hypertension, and stumbles are risk factors. Integrated cognitive and motor assessments are crucial for detecting and proposing interventions for fall prevention in this population.

Suggested Citation

  • Isabella Delgado & Miguel Angello Camacho & Isabella Pugliese & Hugo Juan Camilo Clavijo & Mabel Moreno & Beatriz Muñoz Ospina & Jorge Orozco, 2024. "Stumbles, Gait, and Cognition: Risk Factors Associated with Falls in Older Adults with Subjective Memory Complaints," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(12), pages 1-14, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:21:y:2024:i:12:p:1683-:d:1546024
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Atirah Az-Zahra Abu Bakar & Azidah Abdul Kadir & Nur Suhaila Idris & Siti Nurbaya Mohd Nawi, 2021. "Older Adults with Hypertension: Prevalence of Falls and Their Associated Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-11, August.
    2. Yan-Yuh Lee & Chien-Liang Chen & I-Chen Lee & I-Ching Lee & Nai-Ching Chen, 2021. "History of Falls, Dementia, Lower Education Levels, Mobility Limitations, and Aging Are Risk Factors for Falls among the Community-Dwelling Elderly: A Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-9, September.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    falls; aging; memory disorders;
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