IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v21y2023i1p11-d1304746.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco and Cannabis in Six Race/Ethnicity Groups during the First Three Years after Legalization of Cannabis for Recreational Use in California

Author

Listed:
  • Martin Kharrazi

    (Sequoia Foundation, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Kimberly Berger

    (Sequoia Foundation, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA)

  • Michelle Pearl

    (Environmental Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA)

  • Ying Li

    (Sequoia Foundation, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA)

  • Josephine DeGuzman

    (Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA)

  • Paramjit Behniwal

    (Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA)

  • Allison Morse

    (Genetic Disease Screening Program, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA)

  • Ilya Moskalenko

    (Sequoia Foundation, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA)

  • Rebecca J. Williams

    (California Tobacco Prevention Program, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, CA 95814, USA)

  • Jianwen She

    (Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

There are known health concerns linked to prenatal tobacco and cannabis exposures. This study aims to objectively determine the level of exposure to tobacco and cannabis in pregnant individuals from six race/ethnicity groups (Black, Hispanic, Asian Indian, Native American, Vietnamese, and White) in the first three years following legalization of recreational marijuana use in 2018 in California. We used a cross-sectional sample of prenatal screening program participants (2018–2020) from southern and central California (N = 925). Exposures were estimated by a lab analysis of cotinine (tobacco) and 11-hydroxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (OH-THC, cannabis) in banked serum. Disparities in tobacco exposure were evident, with Black subjects experiencing the highest smoking rate (16%) followed by Native American (10%) and White (8%) subjects, and ≤2% among Hispanic, Asian Indian, and Vietnamese subjects. Environmental tobacco exposure generally showed a similar pattern of exposure to tobacco smoking across race/ethnicity groups. Cannabis detection ranged from 5% among Hispanic subjects to 12% and 13% among White and Black subjects, respectively, and was higher among tobacco users and those exposed to environmental tobacco smoke than those with no cotinine detected. Tobacco and cannabis exposure were generally greatest in younger subjects and those with indices of a lower economic status; however, among Black subjects, cannabis exposure was greatest in older subjects and those with a higher socioeconomic status. Race/ethnicity, age, and socioeconomic factors can inform targeting of high-exposure groups for intervention.

Suggested Citation

  • Martin Kharrazi & Kimberly Berger & Michelle Pearl & Ying Li & Josephine DeGuzman & Paramjit Behniwal & Allison Morse & Ilya Moskalenko & Rebecca J. Williams & Jianwen She, 2023. "Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco and Cannabis in Six Race/Ethnicity Groups during the First Three Years after Legalization of Cannabis for Recreational Use in California," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(1), pages 1-20, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:21:y:2023:i:1:p:11-:d:1304746
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/21/1/11/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/21/1/11/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sumi Hoshiko & Michelle Pearl & Juan Yang & Kenneth M. Aldous & April Roeseler & Martha E. Dominguez & Daniel Smith & Gerald N. DeLorenze & Martin Kharrazi, 2019. "Differences in Prenatal Tobacco Exposure Patterns among 13 Race/Ethnic Groups in California," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-13, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Burns, Ailish & DeAtley, Teresa & Short, Susan E., 2023. "The maternal health of American Indian and Alaska Native people: A scoping review," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 317(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:21:y:2023:i:1:p:11-:d:1304746. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.