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Cell Phone Radiation Exposure Limits and Engineering Solutions

Author

Listed:
  • Paul Héroux

    (Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada)

  • Igor Belyaev

    (Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 814 38 Bratislava, Slovakia)

  • Kent Chamberlin

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA)

  • Suleyman Dasdag

    (Biophysics Department, Medical School, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul 34700, Turkey)

  • Alvaro Augusto Almeida De Salles

    (Graduate Program on Electrical Engineering (PPGEE), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90010-150, Brazil)

  • Claudio Enrique Fernandez Rodriguez

    (Division of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS), Canoas 92412-240, Brazil)

  • Lennart Hardell

    (Department of Oncology, Orebro University Hospital, 701 85 Orebro, Sweden (Retired)
    The Environment and Cancer Research Foundation, 702 17 Orebro, Sweden)

  • Elizabeth Kelley

    (ICBE-EMF and International EMF Scientist Appeal, and Electromagnetic Safety Alliance, Tempe, AZ 85282, USA)

  • Kavindra Kumar Kesari

    (Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland)

  • Erica Mallery-Blythe

    (Physicians’ Health Initiative for Radiation and Environment, East Sussex TN6, UK
    British Society of Ecological Medicine, London W1W 6DB, UK
    Oceania Radiofrequency Scientific Advisory Association, Scarborough, QLD 4020, Australia)

  • Ronald L. Melnick

    (National Toxicology Program (Retired), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
    Ron Melnick Consulting LLC, North Logan, UT 84341, USA)

  • Anthony B. Miller

    (Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada)

  • Joel M. Moskowitz

    (School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA)

  • on behalf of the International Commission on the Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields (ICBE-EMF)

    (Membership of the Working Group is provided in the Acknowledgments.)

Abstract

In the 1990s, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) restricted its risk assessment for human exposure to radiofrequency radiation (RFR) in seven ways: (1) Inappropriate focus on heat, ignoring sub-thermal effects. (2) Reliance on exposure experiments performed over very short times. (3) Overlooking time/amplitude characteristics of RFR signals. (4) Ignoring carcinogenicity, hypersensitivity, and other health conditions connected with RFR. (5) Measuring cellphone Specific Absorption Rates (SAR) at arbitrary distances from the head. (6) Averaging SAR doses at volumetric/mass scales irrelevant to health. (7) Using unrealistic simulations for cell phone SAR estimations. Low-cost software and hardware modifications are proposed here for cellular phone RFR exposure mitigation: (1) inhibiting RFR emissions in contact with the body, (2) use of antenna patterns reducing the Percent of Power absorbed in the Head (PPHead) and body and increasing the Percent of Power Radiated for communications (PPR), and (3) automated protocol-based reductions of the number of RFR emissions, their duration, or integrated dose. These inexpensive measures do not fundamentally alter cell phone functions or communications quality. A health threat is scientifically documented at many levels and acknowledged by industries. Yet mitigation of RFR exposures to users does not appear as a priority with most cell phone manufacturers.

Suggested Citation

  • Paul Héroux & Igor Belyaev & Kent Chamberlin & Suleyman Dasdag & Alvaro Augusto Almeida De Salles & Claudio Enrique Fernandez Rodriguez & Lennart Hardell & Elizabeth Kelley & Kavindra Kumar Kesari & E, 2023. "Cell Phone Radiation Exposure Limits and Engineering Solutions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(7), pages 1-25, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:7:p:5398-:d:1116187
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Michael Carlberg & Tarmo Koppel & Lena K. Hedendahl & Lennart Hardell, 2020. "Is the Increasing Incidence of Thyroid Cancer in the Nordic Countries Caused by Use of Mobile Phones?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-9, December.
    2. Lennart Hardell & Michael Carlberg, 2015. "Increasing Rates of Brain Tumours in the Swedish National Inpatient Register and the Causes of Death Register," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-21, April.
    3. Yoon-Jung Choi & Joel M. Moskowitz & Seung-Kwon Myung & Yi-Ryoung Lee & Yun-Chul Hong, 2020. "Cellular Phone Use and Risk of Tumors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-20, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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