IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v20y2023i6p4910-d1093949.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Emergency Department Visits in Children Associated with Exposure to Ambient PM 1 within Several Hours

Author

Listed:
  • Yachen Li

    (Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Institute of Social Development and Health Management, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Lifeng Zhu

    (Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Institute of Social Development and Health Management, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Yaqi Wang

    (Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Institute of Social Development and Health Management, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China)

  • Ziqing Tang

    (Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Institute of Social Development and Health Management, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China)

  • Yuqian Huang

    (Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Institute of Social Development and Health Management, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China)

  • Yixiang Wang

    (Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Institute of Social Development and Health Management, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China)

  • Jingjing Zhang

    (Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Institute of Social Development and Health Management, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China)

  • Yunquan Zhang

    (Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Institute of Social Development and Health Management, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China)

Abstract

Background: Emerging evidence has integrated short-term exposure to PM 1 with children’s morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, most available studies have been conducted on a daily scale, ignoring the exposure variations over the span of a day. Objective: The main intention of this study was to examine the association between pediatric emergency department visits (PEDVs) and intra-day exposures to PM 1 and PM 2.5 . We also aimed to investigate whether a high PM 1 /PM 2.5 ratio elevated the risk of PEDVs independent from PM 2.5 exposure within several hours. Methods: We collected hourly data on aerial PM 1 and PM 2.5 concentrations, all-cause PEDVs, and meteorological factors from two megacities (i.e., Guangzhou and Shenzhen) in southern China during 2015–2016. Time-stratified case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression analysis were used to assess the associations of PEDVs with exposures to PM 1 and PM 2.5 at different lag hours. The contribution of PM 1 to PM 2.5 -associated risk was quantified by introducing PM 1 /PM 2.5 ratio as an additional exposure indicator in the analysis adjusting for PM 2.5 . Subgroup analyses were performed stratified by sex, age, and season. Results: During this study period, 97,508 and 101,639 children were included from Guangzhou and Shenzhen, respectively. PM 1 and PM 2.5 exposures within several hours were both remarkably related to an increased risk of PEDVs. Risks for PEDVs increased by 3.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.7–5.0%) in Guangzhou and 3.2% (95% CI: 1.9–4.4%) in Shenzhen for each interquartile range (Guangzhou: 21.4 μg/m 3 , Shenzhen: 15.9 μg/m 3 ) increase in PM 1 at lag 0–3 h, respectively. A high PM 1 /PM 2.5 ratio was substantially correlated with increased PEDVs, with an excess risk of 2.6% (95% CI: 1.2–4.0%) at lag 73–96 h in Guangzhou and 1.2% (95% CI: 0.4–2.0%) at lag 0–3 h in Shenzhen. Stratified analysis showed a clear seasonal pattern in PM-PEDVs relationships, with notably stronger risks in cold months (October to March of the following year) than in warm months (April to September). Conclusions: Exposures to ambient PM 1 and PM 2.5 within several hours were related to increased PEDVs. A high PM 1 /PM 2.5 ratio may contribute an additional risk independent from the short-term impacts of PM 2.5 . These findings highlighted the significance of reducing PM 1 in minimizing health risks due to PM 2.5 exposure in children.

Suggested Citation

  • Yachen Li & Lifeng Zhu & Yaqi Wang & Ziqing Tang & Yuqian Huang & Yixiang Wang & Jingjing Zhang & Yunquan Zhang, 2023. "Emergency Department Visits in Children Associated with Exposure to Ambient PM 1 within Several Hours," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-11, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:6:p:4910-:d:1093949
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/6/4910/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/6/4910/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zhiqiang Zong & Mengjie Zhao & Mengyue Zhang & Kexin Xu & Yunquan Zhang & Xiujun Zhang & Chengyang Hu, 2022. "Association between PM 1 Exposure and Lung Function in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-17, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Tugce Pekdogan & Mihaela Tinca Udriștioiu & Silvia Puiu & Hasan Yildizhan & Martin Hruška, 2023. "A Multi-Country Statistical Analysis Covering Turkey, Slovakia, and Romania in an Educational Framework," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-16, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:6:p:4910-:d:1093949. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.