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Determinants of Depressive Symptoms in People Living with HIV: Findings from a Population-Based Study with a Gender Perspective

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  • Ivet Bayes-Marin

    (Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain)

  • Laia Egea-Cortés

    (Centre of Epidemiological Studies of HIV/AIDS and STI of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Health Department, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
    Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti, 08916 Badalona, Spain)

  • Jorge Palacio-Vieira

    (Centre of Epidemiological Studies of HIV/AIDS and STI of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Health Department, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
    Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti, 08916 Badalona, Spain
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain)

  • Andreu Bruguera

    (Centre of Epidemiological Studies of HIV/AIDS and STI of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Health Department, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
    Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti, 08916 Badalona, Spain
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Preventive Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Jocelyn Mesías-Gazmuri

    (Centre of Epidemiological Studies of HIV/AIDS and STI of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Health Department, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
    Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti, 08916 Badalona, Spain
    Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Preventive Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Josep M. Llibre

    (Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti, 08916 Badalona, Spain
    Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, 08916 Badalona, Spain)

  • Emma Fernández

    (Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Arkaitz Imaz

    (Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), University of Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Carlos G. Forero

    (Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain)

  • Cristina Agustí

    (Centre of Epidemiological Studies of HIV/AIDS and STI of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Health Department, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
    Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti, 08916 Badalona, Spain
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain)

  • Laia Arbones-Fernández

    (Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Mataró, 08304 Barcelona, Spain)

  • José M. Miró

    (Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain)

  • Jordi Casabona

    (Centre of Epidemiological Studies of HIV/AIDS and STI of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Health Department, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
    Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti, 08916 Badalona, Spain
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Preventive Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Juliana Reyes-Ureña

    (Centre of Epidemiological Studies of HIV/AIDS and STI of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Health Department, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08916 Barcelona, Spain)

Abstract

Depressive symptoms are common among people living with HIV (PLWH). The aim of this study was to identify the determinants of depressive symptoms in PLWH in Spain. A total of 1060 PLWH participated in this cross-sectional study and completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The odds ratios for the presence of depressive symptoms were analyzed in a multivariable logistic regression model, including sociodemographic data, comorbidities, health-related behaviors, and social-environment-related variables. We found an overall prevalence of depressive symptoms of 21.42%; by subgroup, namely men, women, and transgender persons, prevalence was 18.13%, 32.81%, and 37.14%, respectively. Moreover, social isolation (OR = 1.05 [CI, 1.02–1.08]) and poor physical and mental quality of life (OR = 1.06 [CI, 1.02–1.09] and OR = 1.13 [CI, 1.09–1.17], respectively) were associated with depressive symptoms. As protective factors, we identified serodisclosure to more people (vs. none; OR = 0.39 [CI, 0.17–0.87]), satisfaction with social roles (OR = 0.86 [CI, 0.79–0.94]), better cognitive function (OR = 0.92 [CI, 0.89–0.95]), and sexualized drug use once in a lifetime (OR = 0.52 [CI, 0.29–0.93]). This study showed a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in PLWH, especially among women and transgender people. The association between psychosocial variables and depressive symptoms highlights the multidimensionality of the problem and identifies areas for intervention. This study found that the management of mental health issues is an area that needs to be improved and tailored to specific groups, with the aim of enhancing the well-being of PLWH.

Suggested Citation

  • Ivet Bayes-Marin & Laia Egea-Cortés & Jorge Palacio-Vieira & Andreu Bruguera & Jocelyn Mesías-Gazmuri & Josep M. Llibre & Emma Fernández & Arkaitz Imaz & Carlos G. Forero & Cristina Agustí & Laia Arbo, 2023. "Determinants of Depressive Symptoms in People Living with HIV: Findings from a Population-Based Study with a Gender Perspective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-19, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:4:p:3687-:d:1073571
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