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Occurrence, Risk, and Source of Heavy Metals in Lake Water Columns and Sediment Cores in Jianghan Plain, Central China

Author

Listed:
  • Cong Wang

    (Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation of Hubei, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

  • Kan Wang

    (Central-Southern Safety & Environment Technology Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430051, China)

  • Wuquan Zhou

    (China Metallurgical Geology Bureau (CMGB) Bureau-1 (Hebei) Analysis & Technology Co., Ltd., Langfang 065201, China)

  • Yong Li

    (China Metallurgical Geology Bureau (CMGB) Bureau-1 (Hebei) Analysis & Technology Co., Ltd., Langfang 065201, China)

  • Guoqing Zou

    (China Metallurgical Geology Bureau (CMGB) Bureau-1 (Hebei) Analysis & Technology Co., Ltd., Langfang 065201, China)

  • Zhi Wang

    (Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation of Hubei, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China)

Abstract

Heavy metal pollution in lakes is an issue that endangers ecosystems worldwide; however, the vertical properties of heavy metals in the water columns and sediment cores of lakes have been rarely evaluated simultaneously. This study revealed the pollution, risks, and sources of heavy metals from surface water to deep sediments in four typical shallow lakes located in central China. The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals, except Hg, had insignificant stratification in the water column. Heavy metals had three vertical profiles in sediment cores, i.e., the concentrations of As, Hg, Cd, Pb, and Mn in the surface sediment (0–9 cm) were higher than that in the bottom sediment (9–45 cm) ( p < 0.05), the concentrations of Cr, Co, Fe, and Ni in the bottom sediment were higher than the surface sediment ( p < 0.05), and the concentrations of Cu and Zn had no significant stratification. The Nemerow pollution index showed that heavy metal pollution dominated by Hg reached slight–moderate levels, and had higher levels in surface water than that in bottom water ( p < 0.05). The Nemerow integrated risk index showed that the heavy metals had moderate–extreme potential ecological risks (Cd contributed 43.4%) in the sediments, and the ecological risk in surface sediment was significantly higher than that in bottom sediment ( p < 0.01). Principal component analysis revealed that agriculture, transportation, and chemical industry were the major sources of heavy metals in water and surface sediments, while agriculture and steel-making were the primary sources in bottom sediments. This study provides valuable data and insight for the control of heavy metal pollution in lakes with high human activity loads.

Suggested Citation

  • Cong Wang & Kan Wang & Wuquan Zhou & Yong Li & Guoqing Zou & Zhi Wang, 2023. "Occurrence, Risk, and Source of Heavy Metals in Lake Water Columns and Sediment Cores in Jianghan Plain, Central China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-15, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:4:p:3676-:d:1073372
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cheong, Tsun Se & Wu, Yanrui, 2014. "The impacts of structural transformation and industrial upgrading on regional inequality in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 339-350.
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