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Correlation Analysis of Attention and Intelligence of Preterm Infants at Preschool Age: A Premature Cohort Study

Author

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  • Wei-Chih Chin

    (Department of Child Psychiatry and Sleep Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
    College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan)

  • Wei-Chi Wu

    (College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
    Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan)

  • Jen-Fu Hsu

    (College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
    Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan)

  • I. Tang

    (Department of Child Psychiatry and Sleep Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan)

  • Tsung-Chieh Yao

    (College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
    Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan)

  • Yu-Shu Huang

    (Department of Child Psychiatry and Sleep Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
    College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan)

Abstract

Objective: Developmental delay in neurocognitive function has been reported in premature children. This cohort study prospectively followed preterm infants following birth, and herein we present the four-year longitudinal follow-up data of cognitive development at preschool age and analyze correlated factors. Methods: Term and preterm children received regular clinical evaluations and development assessments after birth, and at age 4 ± 1 years, they received the Wechsler-preschool and primary scale of intelligence, Fourth Edition (WPPSI-IV), excluding those with full-scale intelligence quotient < 70. A total of 150 participants received Conners Kiddie Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT), while 129 participants received ophthalmic evaluation. We adopted Chi-square test, ANOVA, and post hoc analysis to compare group differences. Correlations with K-CPT and WPPSI-IV were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation. Results: Group 1 consisted of 25 full-term children, group 2 had 94 preterm children with birth-weight of ≥ 1500 g, and group 3 had 159 preterm children with birth-weight of < 1500 g. Group 1 was the healthiest group and had the best performance in attention and intelligence, while group 3 had the worst physical condition and cognitive performance. The correlation analysis revealed that perinatal factors, including gestational age, birth weight, Apgar scores, and physical conditions, significantly correlated with WPPSI-IV and K-CPT variables. Gender significantly correlated with object assembly of WPSSI-IV and clinical index of K-CPT. Among vision-related variables, best corrected visual acuity correlated most with K-CPT, including clinical index, Omission, and hit reaction time standard error of K-CPT, as well as significantly correlated with information and bug search of WPPSI-IV. Conclusions: Preterm children at preschool age still had poorer cognitive performance than full-term children, especially those with birth BW less than 1500 g. Gender and vision are correlated with cognitive deficits. Continuous monitoring with comprehensive assessments is recommended.

Suggested Citation

  • Wei-Chih Chin & Wei-Chi Wu & Jen-Fu Hsu & I. Tang & Tsung-Chieh Yao & Yu-Shu Huang, 2023. "Correlation Analysis of Attention and Intelligence of Preterm Infants at Preschool Age: A Premature Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-15, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:4:p:3357-:d:1068350
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hanne-Lise Falgreen Eriksen & Ulrik Schiøler Kesmodel & Mette Underbjerg & Tina Røndrup Kilburn & Jacquelyn Bertrand & Erik Lykke Mortensen, 2013. "Predictors of Intelligence at the Age of 5: Family, Pregnancy and Birth Characteristics, Postnatal Influences, and Postnatal Growth," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(11), pages 1-8, November.
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