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Are There Differences between the Stress Responses of Philippine Men and Women to the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Author

Listed:
  • Divya Periyakoil

    (Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
    Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA)

  • Preethi Periyakoil

    (Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
    California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA)

  • Cherica A. Tee

    (College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines)

  • Costas J. Spanos

    (Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA)

  • Marie Diener-West

    (Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA)

  • Michael Tee

    (College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines)

  • Ndola Prata

    (School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA)

Abstract

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had a deleterious impact on human health since its beginning in 2019. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines and determine if there were differential impacts on women compared to men. A web-based survey was conducted in the Luzon Islands of the Philippines, during the pandemic quarantine. A total of 1879 participants completed online surveys between 28 March–12 April 2020. A bivariate analysis of both men and women for each psychological measure (stress, anxiety, depression, and impact of COVID-19) was conducted. Multivariable logistic regression models were built for each measure, dichotomized as high or low, separately for men and women. Younger age ( p < 0.001), being married ( p < 0.001), and being a parent ( p < 0.004) were associated with women’s poor mental health. Marriage and large household size are protective factors for men ( p < 0.002 and p < 0.0012, respectively), but marriage may be a risk factor for women ( p < 0.001). Overall, women were disproportionately negatively impacted by the pandemic compared to men.

Suggested Citation

  • Divya Periyakoil & Preethi Periyakoil & Cherica A. Tee & Costas J. Spanos & Marie Diener-West & Michael Tee & Ndola Prata, 2023. "Are There Differences between the Stress Responses of Philippine Men and Women to the COVID-19 Pandemic?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-15, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:3:p:2326-:d:1049443
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