IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v20y2023i3p2119-d1045561.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Structure of Temperament in Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia

Author

Listed:
  • Kasper Sipowicz

    (Department of Interdisciplinary Disability Studies, The Maria Grzegorzewska University in Warsaw, 02-353 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Kamila Łuczyńska

    (The Second Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Bartłomiej Bąk

    (The Second Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Kacper Deska

    (Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland)

  • Katarzyna Nowakowska-Domagała

    (Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychopathology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Lodz, 90-128 Lodz, Poland)

  • Tadeusz Pietras

    (The Second Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
    Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland)

  • Dorota Podgórska-Jachnik

    (Department of Educational Research, University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland)

  • Elżbieta Małujło-Balcerska

    (Department of Pneumonology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland)

  • Marcin Kosmalski

    (Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland)

Abstract

The onset of schizophrenia symptoms usually occurs in early youth. As a result, the parents of these patients usually become their caregivers. The role of a caregiver for a person with schizophrenia is a considerable mental and physical burden. Therefore, an interesting issue is what motivates these people to take up this challenge. It is probable that, apart from the moral imperative or kinship, the factor determining this decision is the personality structure of the caregiver. The aim of our study was to compare the structure of temperament (according to the model of temperament as formal characteristics of behavior developed by Jan Strelau) in caregivers of young adults (age 18–25 years) with schizophrenia with the structure of temperament of parents of healthy young adults still living in the family home under their care. The study group consisted of 64 people (51 women), who were taking care of young adults (aged 18–25 years) with schizophrenia, while the control group (53 people, 42 women) consisted of parents of healthy adults still living in the family home. Both groups were asked to complete a questionnaire of the authors’ own design on their demographic data as well as The Formal Characteristics of Behavior—Temperament Inventory to assess the temperament traits. The results were given in the number of points obtained on average in each dimension. Both groups did not differ in terms of size and age, with women predominating. Caregivers of young adults with schizophrenia had higher values of briskness (43.22 ± 4.45 vs. 42.90 ± 3.98, p = 0.032), emotional reactivity (46.02 ± 4.39 vs. 41.01 ± 3.12, p = 0.012) and activity level (44.01.89 ± 4.15 vs. 37.59 ± 4.77, p = 0.022) compared to the control group. The remaining dimensions of temperament: perseverance, sensory sensitivity, rhythmicity, and endurance did not differentiate between the two groups. The temperament structure of caregivers of young people with schizophrenia differs from the temperament structure of caregivers of healthy adults. Caregivers of sick people have higher values of briskness, emotional reactivity, and activity level compared to the control group.

Suggested Citation

  • Kasper Sipowicz & Kamila Łuczyńska & Bartłomiej Bąk & Kacper Deska & Katarzyna Nowakowska-Domagała & Tadeusz Pietras & Dorota Podgórska-Jachnik & Elżbieta Małujło-Balcerska & Marcin Kosmalski, 2023. "The Structure of Temperament in Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-10, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:3:p:2119-:d:1045561
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/3/2119/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/3/2119/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Marziyeh Khoshgoftar & Anahita Khodabakhshi-Koolaee & Mohammad Reza Sheikhi, 2022. "Analysis of the early mother-child relationship in schizophrenic patients," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 68(3), pages 548-554, May.
    2. Alessandra De Rose & Filomena Racioppi & Anna Laura Zanatta, 2008. "Italy: Delayed adaptation of social institutions to changes in family behaviour," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 19(19), pages 665-704.
    3. Sherien Ahmed Khalil & Amira Naseeb Elbatrawy & Nermin Mohamed Saleh & Dalia Abdel Moniem Mahmoud, 2022. "The burden of care and burn out syndrome in caregivers of an Egyptian sample of schizophrenia patients," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 68(3), pages 619-627, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sieds, 2011. "Complete Volume LXV n.1 2011," RIEDS - Rivista Italiana di Economia, Demografia e Statistica - The Italian Journal of Economic, Demographic and Statistical Studies, SIEDS Societa' Italiana di Economia Demografia e Statistica, vol. 65(1), pages 1-181.
    2. Zuzanna Brzozowska & Eva Beaujouan & Kryštof Zeman, 2022. "Is Two Still Best? Change in Parity-Specific Fertility Across Education in Low-Fertility Countries," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 41(5), pages 2085-2114, October.
    3. Tomáš Sobotka, 2008. "Overview Chapter 6: The diverse faces of the Second Demographic Transition in Europe," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 19(8), pages 171-224.
    4. Monika Mynarska & Anna Matysiak & Anna Rybiñska & Valentina Tocchioni & Daniele Vignoli, 2013. "Diverse Paths into Childlessness over the Life Course," Working Papers 58, Institute of Statistics and Demography, Warsaw School of Economics.
    5. Anna Matysiak & Daniele Vignoli, 2013. "Diverse Effects of Women’s Employment on Fertility: Insights From Italy and Poland," European Journal of Population, Springer;European Association for Population Studies, vol. 29(3), pages 273-302, August.
    6. Brienna Perelli-Harris & Trude Lappegård & Daniele Vignoli & Monika Mynarska & Caroline Berghammer & Ann Berrington & Andreas Klärner & Renske Keizer & Anna Evans & Olga Isupova, 2014. "Towards a new understanding of cohabitation," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 31(34), pages 1043-1078.
    7. Francesca Fiori & Francesca Rinesi & Elspeth Graham, 2017. "Choosing to Remain Childless? A Comparative Study of Fertility Intentions Among Women and Men in Italy and Britain," European Journal of Population, Springer;European Association for Population Studies, vol. 33(3), pages 319-350, July.
    8. Agnese Vitali & Romina Fraboni, 2022. "Pooling of Wealth in Marriage: The Role of Premarital Cohabitation," European Journal of Population, Springer;European Association for Population Studies, vol. 38(4), pages 721-754, October.
    9. Francesca Fiori & Francesca Rinesi & Antonella Pinnelli & Sabrina Prati, 2013. "Economic Insecurity and the Fertility Intentions of Italian Women with One Child," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 32(3), pages 373-413, June.
    10. Benassi, Federico & Naccarato, Alessia & Vellucci, Pierluigi, 2024. "Exploring the territorial unevenness of one-person households and contextual factors of vulnerability: Evidence from the Italian context," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    11. Giulia Ferrari & Alessandro Rosina & Emiliano Sironi, 2014. "Beyond Good Intentions: The Decision-Making Process of Leaving the Family of Origin in Italy," Working Papers 060, "Carlo F. Dondena" Centre for Research on Social Dynamics (DONDENA), Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi.
    12. Silvana Salvini & Daniele Vignoli, 2011. "Things change: Women’s and men’s marital disruption dynamics in Italy during a time of social transformations, 1970-2003," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 24(5), pages 145-174.
    13. Martin Klesment & Allan Puur & Luule Sakkeus & Leen Rahnu, 2014. "Varying association between education and second births in Europe," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 31(27), pages 813-860.
    14. Kryštof Zeman & Tomáš Sobotka & Eva Beaujouan & Zuzanna Brzozowska, 2018. "Cohort fertility decline in low fertility countries: Decomposition using parity progression ratios," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 38(25), pages 651-690.
    15. Alessandra De Rose & Eleonora Meli, 2022. "Still believe it? an analysis of partnership trajectories after first union dissolution in Italy," RIEDS - Rivista Italiana di Economia, Demografia e Statistica - The Italian Journal of Economic, Demographic and Statistical Studies, SIEDS Societa' Italiana di Economia Demografia e Statistica, vol. 76(1), pages 169-183, January-M.
    16. Silvana Salvini, 2015. "Living In Couple. Marriage And Cohabitation In A Changing Italy," RIEDS - Rivista Italiana di Economia, Demografia e Statistica - The Italian Journal of Economic, Demographic and Statistical Studies, SIEDS Societa' Italiana di Economia Demografia e Statistica, vol. 69(2), pages 37-58, April-Jun.
    17. Brienna Perelli-Harris & Laura Bernardi, 2015. "Exploring social norms around cohabitation: The life course, individualization, and culture," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 33(25), pages 701-732.
    18. Giammarco Alderotti & Alessandra De Rose & Valentina Tocchioni, 2024. "Employment uncertainty and parenthood: quantifying the mediating role of union formation," Journal of Population Research, Springer, vol. 41(4), pages 1-23, December.
    19. Anna Matysiak & Daniele Vignoli, 2009. "Finding the "right moment" for the first baby to come: a comparison between Italy and Poland," MPIDR Working Papers WP-2009-011, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.
    20. Marina Zannella & Alessandra De Rose, 2019. "Stability and change in family time transfers and workload inequality in Italian couples," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 40(3), pages 49-60.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:3:p:2119-:d:1045561. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.