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Ecological Risks of Antibiotics in Urban Wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

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  • Fengjiao Zhang

    (MOE Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
    Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province Physical Geography and Environmental Process, School of Geographical Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China)

  • Xufeng Mao

    (MOE Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
    Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province Physical Geography and Environmental Process, School of Geographical Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China)

  • Xiuhua Song

    (Management and Service Center for Huangshui National Wetland Park, Xining 810016, China)

  • Hongyan Yu

    (Management and Service Center of Qilian Mountain National Park, Xining 810008, China)

  • Jinlu Yan

    (Qinghai Forestry Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., Xining 810008, China)

  • Dongsheng Kong

    (Qinghai Forestry Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., Xining 810008, China)

  • Yinlong Liu

    (Qinghai Forestry Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., Xining 810008, China)

  • Naixin Yao

    (Qinghai Forestry Engineering Supervision Co., Ltd., Xining 810008, China)

  • Shilin Yang

    (Qinghai Forestry Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., Xining 810008, China)

  • Shunbang Xie

    (Management and Service Center for Huangshui National Wetland Park, Xining 810016, China)

  • Haichuan Ji

    (Qinghai Wetland Protection Center, Xining 810008, China)

  • Huakun Zhou

    (Key Laboratory of Cold Regions and Restoration Ecology, Xining 810008, China)

Abstract

Although the ecological risks of antibiotics have been extensively researched globally, fewer studies have been conducted in sensitive and fragile plateau wetland ecosystems. To evaluate the ecological risk of antibiotics in plateau urban wetlands, 18 water samples, 10 plant samples, and 8 sediment samples were collected in March 2022 in the Xining urban wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method was utilized to measure the concentrations of 15 antibiotics in three categories in three types of environmental media. Risk quotients were adopted to assess the ecological risk of antibiotics, and the principal component analysis–multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the source of antibiotics. The results showed that (1) the maximum concentrations of antibiotics in water samples, plants, and sediments reached 1220.86 ng/L, 78.30 ng/g, and 5.64 ng/g, respectively; (2) Tylosin (TYL), norfloxacin (NFX), ofloxacin (OFX), and ciprofloxacin (CFX) in water were at medium and high-risk levels, and OFX had the highest risk value, of 108.04; and (3) the results of source apportionment indicate that 58.94% of the antibiotics came from the Huangshui river and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) near the wetlands. The current study may provide a reference for the risks and management of antibiotics in plateau urban wetlands.

Suggested Citation

  • Fengjiao Zhang & Xufeng Mao & Xiuhua Song & Hongyan Yu & Jinlu Yan & Dongsheng Kong & Yinlong Liu & Naixin Yao & Shilin Yang & Shunbang Xie & Haichuan Ji & Huakun Zhou, 2023. "Ecological Risks of Antibiotics in Urban Wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-14, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:3:p:1735-:d:1039338
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Feng Guo & Yanan Wang & Jie Peng & Hetian Huang & Xiangting Tu & Hu Zhao & Nan Zhan & Zhu Rao & Gaofeng Zhao & Hongbo Yang, 2022. "Occurrence, Distribution, and Risk Assessment of Antibiotics in the Aquatic Environment of the Karst Plateau Wetland of Yangtze River Basin, Southwestern China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-14, June.
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