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COVID-19 and Water Variables: Review and Scientometric Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Roxana Mare

    (Department of Building Services Engineering, Faculty of Building Services Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 128-130 21 Decembrie 1989 Blv., 400604 Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

  • Codruța Mare

    (Department of Statistics-Forecasts-Mathematics, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Babes-Bolyai University, 58-60 Teodor Mihali Str., 400591 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
    Interdisciplinary Centre for Data Science, Babes-Bolyai University, 68 Avram Iancu Str., 4th Floor, 400083 Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

  • Adriana Hadarean

    (Department of Building Services Engineering, Faculty of Building Services Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 128-130 21 Decembrie 1989 Blv., 400604 Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

  • Anca Hotupan

    (Department of Building Services Engineering, Faculty of Building Services Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 128-130 21 Decembrie 1989 Blv., 400604 Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

  • Tania Rus

    (Department of Building Services Engineering, Faculty of Building Services Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 128-130 21 Decembrie 1989 Blv., 400604 Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

Abstract

COVID-19 has changed the world since 2020, and the field of water specifically, boosting scientific productivity (in terms of published articles). This paper focuses on the influence of COVID-19 on scientific productivity with respect to four water variables: (i) wastewater, (ii) renewable water resources, (iii) freshwater withdrawal, and (iv) access to improved and safe drinking water. The field’s literature was firstly reviewed, and then the maps were built, emphasizing the strong connections between COVID-19 and water-related variables. A total of 94 countries with publications that assess COVID-19 vs. water were considered and evaluated for how they clustered. The final step of the research shows that, on average, scientific productivity on the water topic was mostly conducted in countries with lower COVID-19 infection rates but higher development levels as represented by gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and the human development index (HDI). According to the statistical analysis, the water-related variables are highly significant, with positive coefficients. This validates that countries with higher water-related values conducted more research on the relationship with COVID-19. Wastewater and freshwater withdrawal had the highest impact on the scientific productivity with respect to COVID-19. Access to safe drinking water becomes insignificant in the presence of the development parameters.

Suggested Citation

  • Roxana Mare & Codruța Mare & Adriana Hadarean & Anca Hotupan & Tania Rus, 2023. "COVID-19 and Water Variables: Review and Scientometric Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-29, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:2:p:957-:d:1025694
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Warner, Mildred E. & Zhang, Xue & Rivas, Marcela González, 2020. "Which states and cities protect residents from water shutoffs in the COVID-19 pandemic?," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    2. Rhett Larson, 2020. "Water law and the response to COVID-19," Water International, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(7-8), pages 716-721, November.
    3. Sharma, Gagan Deep & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar & Jain, Mansi & Yadav, Anshita & Srivastava, Mrinalini, 2021. "COVID-19 and environmental concerns: A rapid review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    4. Nees Jan Eck & Ludo Waltman, 2010. "Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 84(2), pages 523-538, August.
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