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Social Outbreak in Chile, and Its Association with the Effects Biological, Psychological, Social, and Quality of Life

Author

Listed:
  • Solange Parra-Soto

    (Departamento de Nutrición y Salud Pública, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillan 3780000, Chile
    School Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Samuel Duran-Aguero

    (Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Los Leones, Santiago 7500000, Chile
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Francisco Vargas-Silva

    (Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Los Leones, Santiago 7500000, Chile)

  • Katherine Vázquez-Morales

    (Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Los Leones, Santiago 7500000, Chile)

  • Rafael Pizarro-Mena

    (Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Los Leones, Santiago 7500000, Chile)

Abstract

The World Health Organization has defined collective violence as the instrumental use of violence by people who identify themselves as members of a group against other individuals and have political, economic, or social objectives. In Chile, the “Social Outbreak” was used to describe an episode of collective violence, which began on October 18, 2019, triggered by a multitude of socioeconomic and political factors, with protests and mobilizations in the country’s large and small cities; in central, commercial, and residential areas, that lasted for several months, affecting a large part of the population. The objective of the present study was to associate the social outbreak in Chile with its biological, psychological, and social effects on people’s health and quality of life, as well as its characteristics in terms of exposure, proximity, type, and frequency. This was a cross-sectional study with non-probabilistic national-level sampling, conducted from 28 November 2019, to 3 March 2020. The instrument had four sections. A total of 2651 participants answered the survey; 70.8% were female, and the mean age was 35.2. The main disturbances perceived were protests (70.9%), alarm sounds (68.1%), shooting sounds (59.0%), and tear gas bombs (56.9%). When quantifying the magnitude of these associations, people who had a medium exposure have a higher probability (OR: 1.99, CI: 1.58; 2.50) of suffering three or more biological effects than people that have a low exposure, while people with higher exposition have a 4.09 times higher probability (CI: 3.11; 5.38). A similar pattern was observed regarding psychological effects, although social effects were primarily experienced by those with high exposure. Social networks, TV, and radio were the most used media among people who perceived a greater effect. People who lived, worked, or shopped near the disturbance’s areas show a higher proportion negative effect.

Suggested Citation

  • Solange Parra-Soto & Samuel Duran-Aguero & Francisco Vargas-Silva & Katherine Vázquez-Morales & Rafael Pizarro-Mena, 2023. "Social Outbreak in Chile, and Its Association with the Effects Biological, Psychological, Social, and Quality of Life," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(23), pages 1-17, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:23:p:7096-:d:1285463
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ni, M.Y. & Li, T.K. & Pang, H. & Chan, B.H.Y. & Kawachi, I. & Viswanath, K. & Schooling, C.M. & Leung, G.M., 2017. "Longitudinal patterns and predictors of depression trajectories related to the 2014 occupy central/umbrella movement in Hong Kong," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 107(4), pages 593-600.
    2. Fernando Arias & Ariel Guerra-Adames & Maytee Zambrano & Efraín Quintero-Guerra & Nathalia Tejedor-Flores, 2022. "Analyzing Spanish-Language Public Sentiment in the Context of a Pandemic and Social Unrest: The Panama Case," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-19, August.
    3. Indu Ayappa & Yingfeng Chen & Nisha Bagchi & Haley Sanders & Kathleen Black & Akosua Twumasi & David M. Rapoport & Shou-En Lu & Jag Sunderram, 2019. "The Association between Health Conditions in World Trade Center Responders and Sleep-Related Quality of Life and Sleep Complaints," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-12, April.
    4. repec:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2016.303651_9 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Rafael Pizarro-Mena & Samuel Duran-Aguero & Solange Parra-Soto & Francisco Vargas-Silva & Sebastian Bello-Lepe & Mauricio Fuentes-Alburquenque, 2022. "Effects of a Structured Multicomponent Physical Exercise Intervention on Quality of Life and Biopsychosocial Health among Chilean Older Adults from the Community with Controlled Multimorbidity: A Pre–," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-17, November.
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