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Assessment of Electrical Brain Activity of Healthy Volunteers Exposed to 3.5 GHz of 5G Signals within Environmental Levels: A Controlled–Randomised Study

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  • Layla Jamal

    (Department of Experimental Toxicology and Modeling (TEAM), Institut National de l’Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Parc Technologique Alata, BP 2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
    PériTox Laboratory (UMR_I 01), INERIS/UPJV, INERIS, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France)

  • Lydia Yahia-Cherif

    (Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Center for NeuroImaging Research (CENIR), Sorbonne University, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France)

  • Laurent Hugueville

    (Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Center for NeuroImaging Research (CENIR), Sorbonne University, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France)

  • Paul Mazet

    (Technical Centre for Mechanical Industries (CETIM), 52 Avenue Félix Louat, 60300 Senlis, France)

  • Philippe Lévêque

    (XLIM Research Institute, University of Limoges, UMR CNRS 7252, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87000 Limoges, France)

  • Brahim Selmaoui

    (Department of Experimental Toxicology and Modeling (TEAM), Institut National de l’Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Parc Technologique Alata, BP 2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
    PériTox Laboratory (UMR_I 01), INERIS/UPJV, INERIS, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France)

Abstract

Following the recent deployment of fifth-generation (5G) radio frequencies, several questions about their health impacts have been raised. Due to the lack of experimental research on this subject, the current study aimed to investigate the bio-physiological effects of a generated 3.5 GHz frequency. For this purpose, the wake electroencephalograms (EEG) of 34 healthy volunteers were explored during two “real” and “sham” exposure sessions. The electromagnetic fields were antenna-emitted in an electrically shielded room and had an electrical field root-mean-square intensity of 2 V/m, corresponding to the current outdoor exposure levels. The sessions were a maximum of one week apart, and both contained an exposure period of approximately 26 min and were followed by a post-exposure period of 17 min. The power spectral densities (PSDs) of the beta, alpha, theta, and delta bands were then computed and corrected based on an EEG baseline period. This was acquired for 17 min before the subsequent phases were recorded under two separate conditions: eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC). A statistical analysis showed an overall non-significant change in the studied brain waves, except for a few electrodes in the alpha, theta, and delta spectra. This change was translated into an increase or decrease in the PSDs, in response to the EO and EC conditions. In conclusion, this studhy showed that 3.5 GHz exposure, within the regulatory levels and exposure parameters used in this protocol, did not affect brain activity in healthy young adults. Moreover, to our knowledge, this was the first laboratory-controlled human EEG study on 5G effects. It attempted to address society’s current concern about the impact of 5G exposure on human health at environmental levels.

Suggested Citation

  • Layla Jamal & Lydia Yahia-Cherif & Laurent Hugueville & Paul Mazet & Philippe Lévêque & Brahim Selmaoui, 2023. "Assessment of Electrical Brain Activity of Healthy Volunteers Exposed to 3.5 GHz of 5G Signals within Environmental Levels: A Controlled–Randomised Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(18), pages 1-23, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:18:p:6793-:d:1244479
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Myrtill Simkó & Mats-Olof Mattsson, 2019. "5G Wireless Communication and Health Effects—A Pragmatic Review Based on Available Studies Regarding 6 to 100 GHz," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-23, September.
    2. J. L. Bardasano & J. Álvarez-Ude & I. Gutiérrez & M. Raposo & R. Goya, 2007. "EEG bioeffects on cochlear deaf from cellular phones," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 27(4), pages 519-523, December.
    3. Sarah P. Loughran & Adam Verrender & Anna Dalecki & Catriona A. Burdon & Kyoko Tagami & Joonhee Park & Nigel A. S. Taylor & Rodney J. Croft, 2019. "Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure and the Resting EEG: Exploring the Thermal Mechanism Hypothesis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-11, April.
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