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Legionella spp. Monitoring in the Water Supply Systems of Accommodation Facilities in Sardinia, Italy: A Two-Year Retrospective Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Luisa Marras

    (Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy)

  • Giacomo Bertolino

    (Pharmaceutical Department, Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy)

  • Adriana Sanna

    (Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy)

  • Valentina Carraro

    (Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy)

  • Valentina Coroneo

    (Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy)

Abstract

Travel-associated Legionnaires’ disease is a significant public health concern worldwide. A high number of cases are reported every year among travellers who stay at guest houses, hotels, and spas. Indeed, hot water systems, showers, and air-conditioning systems can be contaminated by Legionella , which grows at 25–42 °C. Studies have shown that in Sardinia, especially during the summer months, the water circulation in the hotels’ pipes is exposed to extremely high temperatures. As a result, this study was conducted to assess the colonization of hotel water systems by Legionella in Sardinia, concerning a recent EU directive 2020/2184 for drinking water with a limit of 1000 CFU /L. Methods. A total of 112 accommodation facilities were analyzed, of which 61.3% were found to be colonized with Legionella , and out of a total of 807 samples, 32.5% were positive for Legionella presence. The results showed a higher number of positive samples in the summer season. This was also associated with the higher concentration presence of >1000 CFU/L in the samples. Consequently, this study confirms that local hotel operators should improve their water safety and prevention plans, especially in spring and summer.

Suggested Citation

  • Luisa Marras & Giacomo Bertolino & Adriana Sanna & Valentina Carraro & Valentina Coroneo, 2023. "Legionella spp. Monitoring in the Water Supply Systems of Accommodation Facilities in Sardinia, Italy: A Two-Year Retrospective Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(18), pages 1-9, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:18:p:6722-:d:1234465
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Joseph O. Falkinham, 2015. "Common Features of Opportunistic Premise Plumbing Pathogens," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-13, April.
    2. Michele Totaro & Paola Valentini & Anna Laura Costa & Lorenzo Frendo & Alessia Cappello & Beatrice Casini & Mario Miccoli & Gaetano Privitera & Angelo Baggiani, 2017. "Presence of Legionella spp. in Hot Water Networks of Different Italian Residential Buildings: A Three-Year Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-9, October.
    3. Maria A. Kyritsi & Varvara A. Mouchtouri & Antonis Katsioulis & Elina Kostara & Vasileios Nakoulas & Marina Hatzinikou & Christos Hadjichristodoulou, 2018. "Legionella Colonization of Hotel Water Systems in Touristic Places of Greece: Association with System Characteristics and Physicochemical Parameters," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-12, November.
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